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A staff nurse provides care based on intuition and always seems to be in control of her personal and professional life, serving on the board of the state nurses association, serving as the nursing unit's representative on the ethics committee, and coaching her daughter's soft ball team. Many of the staff observes how she manages time and provides care. This nurse's power comes from which type of power?
- A. Referent
- B. Legitimate
- C. Information
- D. Connection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Referent power. Referent power is based on an individual's personal characteristics that others admire and seek to emulate. In this case, the nurse's ability to manage time effectively, maintain control in her personal and professional life, and serve in various leadership roles demonstrates her influence over others through admiration and respect. It is not legitimate power (B) as her authority does not stem from a formal position. It is not information power (C) as her power is not derived from possessing or sharing specific knowledge. It is not connection power (D) as her influence is not based on her network or relationships but rather on her personal qualities.
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A student nurse assigned to work with the charge nurse is given the opportunity to help revise the nursing assessment form. She receives several compliments from management and her nursing instructor for her creative suggestions. The student nurse enjoys the project and attention she is receiving and begins to prolong the conclusion of the project. Although she constantly adds new information, she filters this out slowly to others. The student nurse is subject to the time management obstacle of:
- A. need for perfection.
- B. fear of losing creativity.
- C. unclear goals.
- D. fear of completion.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: fear of completion. This is because the student nurse is prolonging the conclusion of the project despite constantly adding new information and filtering it out slowly to others. This behavior indicates a reluctance to finish the project, likely due to a fear of moving on to the next stage or fear of evaluation. The student nurse is enjoying the attention and positive feedback, leading to a delay in completing the task.
A: The need for perfection is not the primary obstacle in this scenario as the student nurse is not necessarily striving for perfection but rather avoiding completion.
B: Fear of losing creativity is not the main issue here as the student nurse is still adding new information, indicating creativity is not the concern.
C: Unclear goals do not seem to be the obstacle as the student nurse is actively engaged in the project and receiving positive feedback.
The nurse who presents a class on different methods of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) differentiates between imagery and hypnosis in which of the following ways?
- A. Imagery involves the dependent mental construction of a picture, whereas hypnosis requires the patient to recall and verbally describe difficult times in his or her life.
- B. Hypnosis requires a trained psychologist, but imagery can be performed by any health care practitioner.
- C. Imagery produces a temporary sense of well-being compared with hypnosis, which evokes a permanent positive effect.
- D. Although both therapies focus on specific problems and guide the patient into relaxation, imagery requires the patient to formulate the impression, whereas the hypnotist constructs the image for the patient.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately differentiates between imagery and hypnosis. Imagery involves the patient formulating the impression in their mind, while hypnosis involves the hypnotist constructing the image for the patient. This is a key distinction as it highlights the active role of the patient in imagery compared to the more passive role in hypnosis.
Choice A is incorrect because it inaccurately describes the process of hypnosis and imagery. Choice B is incorrect because both imagery and hypnosis can be performed by trained practitioners. Choice C is incorrect as both techniques can have varying durations of effectiveness, and it is not accurate to say that imagery only produces temporary well-being compared to hypnosis.
An RN with excellent assessment and psychomotor skills would derive power on the basis of which source?
- A. Rewards
- B. Coercion
- C. Expert
- D. Legitimate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Expert. An RN with excellent assessment and psychomotor skills derives power from their expertise in the field. They are respected and trusted for their knowledge and abilities, giving them influence over others. Rewards (A) and coercion (B) are forms of power derived from external factors like incentives or threats, not skills. Legitimate power (D) comes from one's position or title, not necessarily from skills. In this case, the RN's power comes from their expertise, making choice C the most appropriate answer.
A nurse is submitting a grant application to improve access to health care and mortality for minority groups. The grant focuses on the six causes of death that are identified as priorities for minorities, which include:
- A. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- B. malnutrition.
- C. cirrhosis of the liver.
- D. cancer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is because COPD is a leading cause of death among minority groups due to factors like smoking, pollution exposure, and healthcare disparities. This aligns with the grant's goal of improving health outcomes for minorities. Malnutrition (B) is not a top cause of death for minorities. Cirrhosis of the liver (C) is more common in certain populations but not a top priority for this grant. Cancer (D) is a significant concern, but COPD is more prevalent among minority groups.
A nurse notices that care is often withheld until an interpreter arrives, if the nurse is not multilingual. The nurse discusses this with the management team and suggests a three- part series be presented to the nursing staff to teach some commonly used medical terms in Spanish. This nurse is involved in the role of:
- A. change agent.
- B. educator.
- C. manager.
- D. coordinator.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: change agent. The nurse is acting as a change agent by identifying a problem (care being withheld until an interpreter arrives) and proposing a solution (teaching common medical terms in Spanish). As a change agent, the nurse is promoting positive change within the organization to improve patient care. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Educator - While the nurse is providing education, the primary role in this scenario is not solely that of an educator.
C: Manager - The nurse is not directly managing staff or resources in this scenario.
D: Coordinator - The nurse is not primarily coordinating activities or resources in this scenario.