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Health care professionals have been activated to respond to a disaster, and the registered nurse who is coordinating the effort realizes that: (select all that apply)
- A. in the event of a mass casualty incident, care is prioritized to those who have the greatest chance of surviving.
- B. communities should use their own resources first to attempt to stabilize and organize the response.
- C. state assistance occurs any time a disaster occurs, regardless of the community's resources.
- D. the emergency operating plan developed by one central agency rather than individual facilities should be put into operation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a mass casualty incident, triage principles dictate that care should be prioritized to those with the greatest chance of survival to maximize overall survival rates. This ensures that limited resources are used efficiently.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Using only community resources first may not be sufficient in a large-scale disaster and could delay the response, leading to unnecessary loss of life.
C: State assistance may not be automatically available in every disaster situation and is typically coordinated based on the severity and impact of the disaster.
D: Emergency operating plans should be tailored to individual facilities' needs and capabilities, as a one-size-fits-all approach may not be effective in all scenarios.
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During a health history interview, the nurse listens to a patient relating the precipitating events that led to the onset of chest pain. She focuses her attention on the patient, makes eye contact, and acknowledges what the patient has to say. The nurse is exhibiting:
- A. assertive communication.
- B. active listening.
- C. empathy.
- D. passive communication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: active listening. Active listening involves fully focusing on the speaker, making eye contact, acknowledging what they are saying, and showing genuine interest in their words. In this scenario, the nurse is attentively listening to the patient's account of the events leading to chest pain, demonstrating active listening skills by being present in the moment and engaging with the patient's narrative.
A: Assertive communication involves expressing one's thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully. This choice is incorrect because the nurse is not actively expressing her thoughts or feelings in this situation.
C: Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another. While empathy is important in nursing care, the nurse in this scenario is primarily engaged in listening rather than specifically expressing empathy.
D: Passive communication is characterized by a lack of assertiveness and active engagement in the conversation. This choice is incorrect because the nurse is actively listening and engaging with the patient's narrative.
A nurse is brought in who testifies that a professional with the knowledge and skill of an RN should understand that, before administering this drug, potassium level and pulse level is always checked to prevent such an occurrence. The nurse's testimony as to what constitutes reasonable care is based on:
- A. the legal definition of standard of care.
- B. the legal definition of the informed consent process.
- C. the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur.
- D. governmental immunity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: the legal definition of standard of care. In healthcare, the standard of care refers to the level of care that a reasonably prudent healthcare professional would provide in similar circumstances. Checking potassium level and pulse before administering a drug is considered standard practice to prevent adverse reactions. The nurse's testimony is based on this standard of care requirement to ensure patient safety and avoid potential harm. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the concept of standard of care in healthcare practice. B pertains to patient consent, C to the doctrine of "the thing speaks for itself," and D to immunity from liability for certain actions.
The practice of nurses, nursing students, and faculty is affected by demographic changes due to:
- A. the growing percentage of adults ages 50 to 55 years.
- B. increasing numbers of obese children and adults.
- C. changes by which families are becoming more nuclear.
- D. social programs that are essentially eliminating poverty.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: increasing numbers of obese children and adults. This demographic change directly impacts the practice of nurses by requiring specialized care and interventions for obesity-related health issues. Nurses need to be equipped to address the unique needs of obese patients.
A is incorrect because the growing percentage of adults ages 50 to 55 years does not necessarily impact nursing practice significantly. C is incorrect as changes in family structure do not directly affect nursing care. D is incorrect because social programs alone cannot eliminate poverty entirely and poverty remains a significant factor affecting healthcare access and outcomes.
A nurse is reading about positive reinforcement with the goal of increasing staff motivation. Which action would demonstrate positive reinforcement?
- A. Every morning at shift change, thank each employee for an excellent job.
- B. Rotate a monthly "employee recognition award" among all employees on the unit.
- C. Wait until the annual performance review to recognize accomplishments.
- D. Give spur-of-the-moment recognition to an employee who has accomplished a goal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because giving spur-of-the-moment recognition to an employee who has accomplished a goal is an example of positive reinforcement. This action immediately follows the desired behavior, increasing the likelihood of it being repeated. This instant feedback helps reinforce the employee's behavior positively.
A: Thanking each employee every morning is a form of positive feedback, but it lacks the immediacy of reinforcement.
B: Rotating a monthly recognition award does not provide immediate reinforcement for specific behaviors.
C: Waiting for an annual review to recognize accomplishments does not provide timely feedback to reinforce desired behaviors.
Students are assigned to write to their state leaders about an issue affecting their community. One student writes about the need among rural community for greater access to acute care services. Which of the following pieces of legislation should the student use as a reference?
- A. Social Security Act
- B. Hill-Burton Act
- C. Sheppard-Towner Act
- D. U.S. Civil Service Act
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hill-Burton Act. This legislation established a program to provide federal grants for the construction of hospitals and healthcare facilities in underserved areas. It specifically addressed the need to improve access to healthcare services, aligning with the student's concern about acute care services in rural communities. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Social Security Act primarily focuses on social insurance programs; C: Sheppard-Towner Act focused on maternal and child healthcare; D: U.S. Civil Service Act pertains to regulations for federal employees, none of which directly address the issue of access to acute care services in rural communities.