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A state is devastated by a tornado killing many people, destroying communication systems, utility services, homes, and medical facilities. The state requests immediate assistance from the U.S. Congress and from surrounding states. The affected state should first contact the:
- A. Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
- B. Institute of Medicine (IOM).
- C. Red Cross.
- D. Strategic National Stockpile.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
1. EMAC is a mutual aid agreement among states for disaster response.
2. It allows affected states to request and receive assistance from other states.
3. It facilitates coordination and deployment of resources quickly in emergencies.
4. IOM focuses on health research, Red Cross on humanitarian aid, and Strategic National Stockpile on medical supplies, but they do not provide the immediate multi-sectoral assistance needed in this scenario.
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A nurse at a school notices that several students have "blisters" on their bodies. Further investigation reveals that a terrorist incident has occurred, causing smallpox. If the chemical, biologic, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) agent categories are used, this incident would be classified as:
- A. chemical.
- B. biologic.
- C. radiologic.
- D. nuclear.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: biologic. Smallpox is a viral disease caused by the variola virus, making it a biological agent. The virus spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets or contact with infected bodily fluids. The term CBRNE encompasses various types of agents used in terrorism incidents. In this case, the incident involving smallpox falls under the biologic category due to its viral nature, as opposed to chemical (A), radiologic (C), or nuclear (D) agents. Chemical agents involve toxic substances, radiologic agents involve radiation, and nuclear agents involve nuclear materials. In summary, the smallpox incident is categorized as biologic due to the nature of the variola virus.
A researcher is interested in learning if elderly persons perceive their health to be satisfactory even with comorbidities and chronic illness. A large multisite assistive living facility will be the site. The researcher lists residents in alphabetical order and chooses every third person on the list. To ensure improved generalizability, the researcher is using:
- A. triangulation.
- B. randomization.
- C. informed consent.
- D. a meta-analysis approach.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: randomization. Randomization helps ensure improved generalizability by reducing bias and increasing the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population. In this scenario, choosing every third person from an alphabetical list introduces a systematic bias and may not represent the entire population accurately. Triangulation involves using multiple methods or data sources to validate findings, which is not applicable here. Informed consent is a necessary ethical consideration but does not directly impact generalizability. A meta-analysis approach involves combining and analyzing data from multiple studies, which is not relevant to the sampling method in this scenario. Thus, randomization is the best choice to improve generalizability in this study.
Nurses in a unionized hospital are paid "compensatory pay" when working holidays equal to the number of hours worked with no extra compensation. Although they have suggested changes during the annual survey of employee satisfaction, management refuses to consider another system for compensatory pay. A trained member listened to both nurses and management to make recommendations that were not legally binding. This type of settlement is termed:
- A. picketing.
- B. binding arbitration.
- C. mediation.
- D. grievance.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: mediation. In this scenario, a trained member listened to both parties (nurses and management) and made recommendations that were not legally binding. Mediation involves a neutral third party facilitating communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable resolution. It is non-binding, unlike binding arbitration, where a decision is imposed on the parties. Picketing involves organized striking by employees to protest against employer practices. Grievance is a formal complaint process within an organization. Mediation is the appropriate term for this non-binding settlement process in this context.
A patient is placed on reserpine (Serpalan) to decrease mild anxiety and treat hypertension. The patient researches the medication on the Internet and finds that this medication comes from which plant?
- A. Atropa belladonna
- B. Digitalis purpurea
- C. Rauwolfia serpentina
- D. Cephaelis ipecacuanha
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rauwolfia serpentina. Reserpine is derived from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant. This plant contains alkaloids that act as a central nervous system depressant, reducing anxiety and lowering blood pressure. Atropa belladonna (A) contains toxic alkaloids, Digitalis purpurea (B) contains cardiac glycosides used for heart conditions, and Cephaelis ipecacuanha (D) contains emetine used for inducing vomiting, none of which are related to reserpine's effects.
The role of the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) would include:
- A. diagnosing a patient with pneumonia and prescribing antibiotics.
- B. teaching members of a faith community how to avoid skin cancer and referring those with suspicious lesions.
- C. participating in the team who is investigating possible abuse of elderly persons by members of a gang known to sell illegal drugs.
- D. coordinating care of a patient admitted 4 days ago with stage IV heart failure and chronic bronchitis by revising care plan to include ambulation 50 feet with assistance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the role of a Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) involves coordinating and managing the care of patients. In this scenario, the CNL is revising the care plan for a patient with complex health issues, such as heart failure and chronic bronchitis, by incorporating specific interventions like ambulation with assistance. This aligns with the core responsibilities of a CNL, which include care coordination, implementation of evidence-based practice, and leadership in interdisciplinary teams.
Choice A is incorrect because nurses, including CNLs, do not have the authority to diagnose and prescribe medications, as this falls under the scope of practice of a physician or advanced practice nurse.
Choice B is incorrect because while health education and referral are important aspects of nursing practice, they are more aligned with the role of a community health nurse rather than a CNL.
Choice C is incorrect because investigating abuse and criminal activities is beyond the scope of a CNL's role, as their focus is primarily on