Nokea
A structural domain essential for the assembly of the inflammasome is
- A. Leucine rich repeats
- B. TIR domain
- C. CARD
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: CARD. CARD stands for Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain, which is crucial for the assembly of the inflammasome complex. It facilitates the recruitment and activation of caspase enzymes, leading to inflammatory responses. Leucine rich repeats (A) and TIR domain (B) are not directly involved in the assembly of the inflammasome. Therefore, the correct choice is C, as it specifically pertains to the structural domain essential for this process.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is not usually observed in severe Covid-19 cases?
- A. Prompt and sustained production of type I Interferon
- B. Autoantibodies
- C. A delayed CD4 T cell response
- D. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. In severe Covid-19 cases, there is usually a dysregulated immune response.
2. Type I Interferon plays a crucial role in early antiviral defense.
3. However, in severe cases, there is often a blunted or delayed response of type I Interferon.
4. This delayed response contributes to viral persistence and hyperinflammation.
5. Therefore, the prompt and sustained production of type I Interferon is not usually observed in severe Covid-19 cases.
Summary:
- Choice A is correct as the prompt and sustained production of type I Interferon is not typically observed in severe Covid-19 cases.
- Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as autoantibodies, a delayed CD4 T cell response, and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines are commonly observed in severe Covid-19 cases.
The site of ATP synthesis in microorganisms includes:
- A. cytoplasmic membranes
- B. cell walls
- C. chloroplasts
- D. mitochondria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: cell walls. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, do not have mitochondria or chloroplasts. ATP synthesis in microorganisms primarily occurs in the cell walls through processes like glycolysis and fermentation. Cytoplasmic membranes are involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells, not cell walls. Chloroplasts are only present in photosynthetic organisms, not in microorganisms.
To prevent the debilitating cycle of fatigue-depression-fatigue in patients receiving radiation therapy, what should the nurse encourage the patient to do?
- A. Implement a walking program
- B. Ignore the fatigue as much as possible
- C. Do the most stressful activities when fatigue is tolerable
- D. Schedule rest periods throughout the day whether fatigue is present or not
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scheduled rest periods help break the cycle of fatigue and depression.
A patient is experiencing an immune response that involves the T lymphocytes. For which types of immunity should the nurse plan care for this patient?
- A. Passive immunity
- B. Humoral immunity
- C. Acquired immunity
- D. Cell-mediated immunity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cell-mediated immunity. T lymphocytes are primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity, where they directly attack infected cells or pathogens. This type of immunity is crucial in fighting intracellular pathogens like viruses. Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Passive immunity involves receiving pre-formed antibodies, not T lymphocytes.
B: Humoral immunity involves B cells producing antibodies, not T lymphocytes.
C: Acquired immunity is a general term encompassing both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, but T lymphocytes specifically play a key role in cell-mediated immunity.
Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?
- A. a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG.
- B. a triplet separated spatially from other triplets.
- C. a sequence in tRNA at the 3' end.
- D. a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a codon is a triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. To be a codon, the triplet must be in the same reading frame as the start codon (AUG) to maintain the correct reading of the genetic code. Choice B is incorrect because codons are typically consecutive in mRNA. Choice C is incorrect as tRNA sequences are not codons. Choice D is incorrect because all codons correspond to specific amino acids.