Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions

Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Related

Review Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions related questions and content

A sudden decrease in blood volume would be met by increases in epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and angiotensin II. What EFFECT would the increase in these three hormones ALL HAVE IN COMMON?

  • A. increased heart rate
  • B. increased fluid retention and blood volume
  • C. increased PNS activity
  • D. vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance. Epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone, and angiotensin II all act to increase vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in total peripheral resistance. This response is crucial during a sudden decrease in blood volume to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion to vital organs.

Choice A (increased heart rate) is not correct because while epinephrine can increase heart rate, antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II do not directly affect heart rate.

Choice B (increased fluid retention and blood volume) is not correct because antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II can increase fluid retention, but epinephrine does not have this effect.

Choice C (increased PNS activity) is not correct because these hormones actually stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, not the parasympath

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The stomach:

  • A. Secretes pepsinogen, intrinsic factor and pepsin.
  • B. Secretion increase following total vagus nerve cut.
  • C. PH is always 7.2.
  • D. Secretes intrinsic factor which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the stomach secretes intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine. This is crucial for preventing vitamin B12 deficiency and maintaining neurological health. The other choices are incorrect because A is partially true but not the main function of the stomach, B is false as total vagus nerve cut decreases stomach secretion, and C is false as the stomach pH varies from acidic (around 1.5-3.5) depending on food intake.

A 68-yr-old male patient with a stroke is unconscious and unresponsive to stimuli. After learning that the patient has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), what should the nurse plan to assess more frequently than is routine?

  • A. Apical pulse
  • B. Bowel sounds
  • C. Breath sounds
  • D. Abdominal girth
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breath sounds. Given the patient's history of GERD, there is an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia due to the reflux of gastric contents into the lungs. Therefore, assessing breath sounds more frequently is crucial to monitor for signs of respiratory distress or pneumonia.

A: Apical pulse is important but not directly related to the patient's history of GERD.
B: Bowel sounds are relevant for assessing GI function but not specifically impacted by GERD.
D: Abdominal girth is more related to abdominal distension or organ enlargement rather than GERD complications.

Which is the only area that can digest a double sugar?

  • A. jejunum
  • B. stomach
  • C. duodenum
  • D. pancreas
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where digestion of double sugars, like disaccharides, occurs. Enzymes such as sucrase, lactase, and maltase are secreted in the duodenum to break down double sugars into simple sugars for absorption. The other choices are incorrect because the stomach primarily digests proteins, the jejunum is mainly involved in nutrient absorption, and the pancreas secretes enzymes into the duodenum but does not directly digest double sugars.

A 68-yr-old male patient with a stroke is unconscious and unresponsive to stimuli. After learning

  • A. , what should the nurse plan to assess more frequently than is routine?
  • B. Apical pulse
  • C. Bowel sounds
  • D. Breath sounds
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Breath sounds. In an unconscious stroke patient, airway patency and adequate oxygenation are critical. Assessing breath sounds more frequently than routine helps monitor for respiratory distress, such as aspiration or pneumonia. Apical pulse (B) may be important but not as immediately life-threatening as respiratory status. Bowel sounds (C) may indicate bowel function but are not as urgent as assessing breathing. By prioritizing breath sounds, the nurse can ensure timely intervention in case of respiratory compromise.

Which of these processes occurs in the mouth?

  • A. ingestion
  • B. mechanical digestion
  • C. chemical digestion
  • D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the mouth, ingestion occurs when food is taken in. Mechanical digestion occurs through chewing and mixing food with saliva. Chemical digestion begins with enzymes in saliva breaking down carbohydrates. Therefore, all processes (ingestion, mechanical digestion, and chemical digestion) occur in the mouth. Other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the processes that happen in the mouth.

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