Nokea
What does the term 'peristalsis' refer to?
- A. the mixing of digestive juices
- B. the voluntary contraction of muscles
- C. the rhythmic contractions that move food along the digestive tract
- D. the absorption of nutrients
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peristalsis refers to the rhythmic contractions that move food along the digestive tract. This process helps propel food from the esophagus to the stomach and through the intestines for digestion and absorption. It is an involuntary movement controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to digestion, not movement. Choice B is incorrect as peristalsis is involuntary, not voluntary. Choice D is incorrect as peristalsis does not involve absorption but rather transportation of food.
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The role of parietal cells is to:
- A. Secretes hydrogen ions and chloride ions into lumen and are responsible for maintaining the acidic pH
- B. alkaline mucous for shielding the epithelium from hydrochloric acid
- C. Secretes histamine which stimulates gastric acid secretion
- D. Secretes gastric lipase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because parietal cells secrete hydrogen ions and chloride ions into the lumen, which combine to form hydrochloric acid, maintaining the acidic pH of the stomach essential for digestion. Option B is incorrect as alkaline mucous is produced by goblet cells, not parietal cells. Option C is incorrect as histamine is secreted by enterochromaffin-like cells, not parietal cells. Option D is incorrect as gastric lipase is primarily secreted by chief cells in the stomach.
Infants' gastric juice contains
- A. nuclease, pepsinogen, lipase
- B. maltase, pepsinogen, rennin
- C. amylase, rennin, pepsinogen
- D. pepsinogen, lipase, rennin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because infants' gastric juice contains nuclease, pepsinogen, and lipase. Nuclease helps in breaking down nucleic acids, pepsinogen is the precursor of pepsin which digests proteins, and lipase digests fats. This combination of enzymes is essential for the digestion of various macromolecules in infants.
Choice B is incorrect because maltase is an enzyme that breaks down maltose (a sugar), which is not typically found in gastric juice. Rennin is an enzyme that helps in digesting milk protein, which is more common in the stomach of newborn mammals, but not in human infants.
Choice C is incorrect because amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates and is usually found in saliva, not gastric juice. Rennin and pepsinogen are not typically present in infants' gastric juice.
Choice D is incorrect because while pepsinogen and rennin are enzymes found in gastric juice, lip
Which of the following statements are correct? P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach. Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin and secretin are produced by an enteroendocrine cells. R. Pancreas, small intestine and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes. S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells present in the stomach.
- A. P and Q
- B. Q and R
- C. P,Q and R
- D. P,Q,R and S
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sure! Here is a step-by-step rationale for why answer choice D is correct:
P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach: This statement is correct as the stomach performs mechanical digestion through the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices.
Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin, and secretin are produced by enteroendocrine cells: This statement is correct as these hormones are indeed produced by enteroendocrine cells to regulate various digestive processes.
R. Pancreas, small intestine, and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes: This statement is correct as these organs are key producers of digestive enzymes essential for breaking down food components.
S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells are present in the stomach: This statement is correct as these are the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach responsible for producing mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid, respectively.
In summary, all the statements in answer choice D
In preparing a client for a colonoscopy procedure, which task is most suitable to delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Explain the need for clear liquids 1-3 days prior to procedure.
- B. Reinforce NPO status 8 hours prior to procedure.
- C. Administer laxatives 1-3 days prior to procedure.
- D. Administer an enema the night before the procedure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Delegation Principle - The task should be within the nursing assistant's scope of practice.
Step 2: NPO reinforcement is a basic instruction that does not require clinical judgment.
Step 3: Nursing assistant can remind the client about NPO status without interpreting medical information.
Step 4: Administering laxatives (C) and enema (D) require clinical judgment and should be done by licensed staff.
Step 5: Explaining the need for clear liquids (A) involves providing medical information, not just a reminder.
Which of the following is not part of the large intestines?
- A. Transverse colon
- B. Appendix
- C. Cecum
- D. Duodenum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, not the large intestine. The transverse colon, appendix, and cecum are all parts of the large intestine. The duodenum plays a crucial role in the digestion process, receiving partially digested food from the stomach and further breaking it down with the help of enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. It is important to differentiate between the small and large intestines to understand their distinct functions within the digestive system.