Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology Related

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A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells are tall and thin, and no blood vessels are present in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?

  • A. Epithelial
  • B. Connective
  • C. Muscle
  • D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial. Epithelial tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells that line the surfaces and cavities of organs. The description provided matches the characteristics of epithelial tissue, such as being found on internal surfaces like the stomach lining, having tall and thin cells, lacking an extracellular matrix, and not containing blood vessels. Connective tissue, muscle tissue, and cartilage do not match the described characteristics.

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Which structure is located on the sternum?

  • A. Xiphoid process
  • B. Sesamoid bone
  • C. Hyoid bone
  • D. Ossified process
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The xiphoid process is the structure located at the bottom of the sternum. It is a small cartilaginous process that ossifies with age. The sesamoid bone is a small bone embedded within a tendon, not typically found on the sternum. The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, not on the sternum. 'Ossified' refers to a structure that has become hardened like bone, but it is not a specific structure located on the sternum.

The distal end of the two bones that articulate with the carpals are broken. Which bones are these?

  • A. Ulna and radius.
  • B. Metacarpals and phalanx.
  • C. Humerus and ulna.
  • D. Humerus and radius.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale:

Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles?

  • A. They are under conscious control.
  • B. They are attached to the skeleton.
  • C. They use ATP to energize contraction.
  • D. They are striated in appearance.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Skeletal muscles are referred to as voluntary muscles because they are under conscious control. This means that individuals can decide when to contract these muscles, enabling voluntary movements such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Choice A is the correct answer as it reflects the defining characteristic of voluntary control over skeletal muscles. Choices B, C, and D are not the primary reasons for why skeletal muscles are termed voluntary muscles as they do not relate directly to the conscious control aspect.

Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?

  • A. Simple squamous epithelium — secretion or absorption
  • B. Stratified squamous epithelium — changes shape when stretched
  • C. Stratified squamous epithelium — diffusion
  • D. Simple columnar epithelium — secretion or absorption
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Simple columnar epithelium is matched correctly with its major function of secretion or absorption. Simple squamous epithelium is best suited for diffusion due to its thin structure, while stratified squamous epithelium is mainly for protection against mechanical stress and pathogens. Stratified squamous epithelium does not function primarily in diffusion. Therefore, understanding the structure and function relationship of different epithelial types is crucial for correctly identifying their major functions.

When drawing blood from the antecubital region, which vessel is used?

  • A. Radial artery.
  • B. Brachial Vein
  • C. Ulnar Vein
  • D. Axillary artery
Correct Answer: B

Rationale:

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