Nokea
Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select the ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Supporting the body
- B. Hemopoiesis
- C. Conducting impulses
- D. Providing protection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Conducting impulses.' The skeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body to maintain posture and provide structure, facilitating movement, protecting internal organs, and producing blood cells through hemopoiesis. Conducting impulses is a function of the nervous system, not the skeletal system.
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How many different types of tissues are there in the human body?
- A. four
- B. six
- C. eight
- D. ten
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The human body is composed of four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, connective tissue provides support and structure, muscle tissue allows movement, and nervous tissue coordinates body activities through electrical signals. Therefore, the correct answer is four.
Where would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum in the body?
- A. Back of the hand
- B. Heel of the foot
- C. Abdomen
- D. Over the shin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, providing a protective barrier to the skin. Areas of the body that experience more friction and pressure tend to have a thicker stratum corneum. The heel of the foot is subjected to constant pressure and friction during walking and standing, leading to the development of a particularly thick stratum corneum to protect against wear and tear.
Which of the following should never be performed by a healthcare professional?
- A. Heimlich maneuver
- B. Euthanasia
- C. Assessment
- D. Palliative care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Euthanasia involves intentionally ending a patient's life to relieve suffering, which is ethically and legally prohibited in most healthcare settings. Healthcare professionals are bound by codes of ethics to prioritize patient well-being, comfort, and dignity, making euthanasia incompatible with their professional responsibilities. Performing euthanasia can have serious legal and ethical consequences for healthcare providers, including loss of licensure and potential criminal charges. Therefore, healthcare professionals should not engage in euthanasia practices.
What are the chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called?
- A. Hormones
- B. Neurons
- C. Glands
- D. Second messengers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones are the correct answer. Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands in the endocrine system. They travel through the bloodstream to target cells, where they regulate various physiological processes like growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit information, glands produce and release hormones, and second messengers are molecules involved in intracellular signal transduction.
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potentials in the direction of a synapse?
- A. cell body
- B. axon
- C. neuron
- D. myelin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. Action potentials travel along the axon to the axon terminals where they lead to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, allowing communication with other neurons or target cells. The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron but does not transmit action potentials. Neurons are the functional unit of the nervous system composed of the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates axons, helping to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses but does not carry action potentials towards the synapse.