Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology Related

Review Anatomy and Physiology related questions and content

What are the functional units of the kidney?

  • A. Ureters
  • B. Glomeruli
  • C. Nephrons
  • D. Renal capsules
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid balance, and forming urine. Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons that work together to maintain homeostasis in the body. Ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not the functional units. Glomeruli are part of the nephron structure, specifically involved in the initial filtration of blood. Renal capsules are outer coverings of the kidney and do not serve as the functional units responsible for kidney function.

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Which type of cell division occurs in the gonads?

  • A. Mitosis
  • B. Meiosis
  • C. Binary fission
  • D. Asexual division
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Meiosis is the type of cell division that occurs in the gonads. During meiosis, cells undergo two rounds of division resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes. This process is vital for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin?

  • A. dermis
  • B. epidermis
  • C. subcutaneous tissue
  • D. hypodermis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'epidermis.' The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a protective barrier against environmental factors and regulating water loss. The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and contains important structures like blood vessels and glands. Subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis, is located below the dermis and serves functions such as insulation and energy storage.

Which structure is found in the upper respiratory tract?

  • A. Bronchi.
  • B. Alveoli
  • C. Pharynx.
  • D. Lungs.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale:

Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select the ONE that does not apply.)

  • A. Supporting the body
  • B. Hemopoiesis
  • C. Conducting impulses
  • D. Providing protection
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Conducting impulses.' The skeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body to maintain posture and provide structure, facilitating movement, protecting internal organs, and producing blood cells through hemopoiesis. Conducting impulses is a function of the nervous system, not the skeletal system.

Where are all the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein routed for processing?

  • A. Kidneys
  • B. Pancreas
  • C. Spleen
  • D. Liver
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed to the liver for processing. The liver is responsible for detoxifying and metabolizing substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before they enter the systemic circulation. It filters and processes nutrients, drugs, and toxins, ensuring that only safe and usable substances are distributed throughout the body.

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