Nokea
A man has a growth on his skin and a small sample needs to be removed and observed under a microscope. Which procedure will be used?
- A. Debridement
- B. Autopsy.
- C. Biopsy.
- D. Pap smear
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
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What is being described when you are informed by the orthopedic surgeon that you have broken the middle region of the humerus?
- A. Epiphysis
- B. Articular cartilage
- C. Perichondrium
- D. Diaphysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When the orthopedic surgeon informs you of a break in the middle region of the humerus, they are referring to the shaft or long portion of the bone, which is known as the diaphysis. The epiphysis is the end part of a long bone, while articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in joints. Perichondrium is a layer of connective tissue surrounding cartilage.
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potentials in the direction of a synapse?
- A. cell body
- B. axon
- C. neuron
- D. myelin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, or glands. Action potentials travel along the axon to the axon terminals where they lead to the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, allowing communication with other neurons or target cells. The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron but does not transmit action potentials. Neurons are the functional unit of the nervous system composed of the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates axons, helping to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses but does not carry action potentials towards the synapse.
Which muscle of the quadriceps group is located on the side surface of the lower extremity?
- A. Vastus lateralis
- B. Gastrocnemius
- C. Anterior tibialis
- D. Rectus femoris
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Vastus lateralis. The vastus lateralis is a muscle in the quadriceps group located on the lateral side of the thigh and lower extremity. This muscle is essential for knee extension and overall lower limb strength, particularly in activities like walking, running, and jumping.
Which heart chamber has the thickest wall?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle has the thickest wall of all the heart chambers because it needs to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body. Its muscular wall is thicker and more powerful compared to the other heart chambers. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. Due to the higher workload and pressure required to push blood to the entire body, the left ventricle is the most muscular and has the thickest wall.
Which of the following hormones decreases the concentration of blood glucose?
- A. insulin
- B. glucagon
- C. growth hormone
- D. glucocorticoids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the hormone responsible for decreasing the concentration of blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released to help cells absorb excess glucose, thereby lowering its concentration in the bloodstream. Glucagon, growth hormone, and glucocorticoids, in contrast, all play roles in increasing blood glucose levels through different mechanisms.