Nokea
Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. adrenal gland
- C. testes
- D. pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a region of the brain located below the thalamus that plays a crucial role in controlling the pituitary gland. It releases hormones that either stimulate or inhibit hormone production in the pituitary gland, thus regulating various bodily functions. The adrenal gland, testes, and pancreas do not directly control the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
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What is responsible for the formation of fingerprints?
- A. Dermal papillae
- B. Merkel cells
- C. Arrector pili
- D. Sudoriferous glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dermal papillae are responsible for the formation of fingerprints. These structures, located in the upper layer of the dermis, contain capillaries and nerve endings that shape the unique patterns on the fingertips. When the dermal papillae interact with the epidermis, they create the characteristic ridges and furrows found in fingerprints. Merkel cells are related to touch sensation, arrector pili muscles control hair follicle movements, and sudoriferous glands produce sweat.
What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called?
- A. Hormones
- B. Neurons
- C. Glands
- D. Second messengers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands that travel through the bloodstream to target cells, exerting control over processes like growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Neurons are nerve cells responsible for transmitting electrical impulses. Glands are structures that secrete substances like hormones. Second messengers are molecules involved in intracellular signal transduction pathways, amplifying and transmitting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.
What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
- A. Pivot
- B. Hinge
- C. Ball and socket
- D. Toddle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hinge. The elbow joint is classified as a hinge joint because of its structure and movement capabilities. Hinge joints allow movement in only one plane, similar to a door hinge, enabling flexion and extension movements. In contrast, pivot joints allow rotational movement, ball and socket joints offer a wide range of motion in multiple directions, and toddle is not a recognized joint type.
What does the ceruminous gland secrete?
- A. Ear wax
- B. Keratin
- C. Mucus
- D. Oily sebum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ceruminous gland, located in the ear canal, secretes ear wax, also known as cerumen. Ear wax plays a crucial role in protecting the ear canal by trapping dust and other particles, preventing them from reaching the delicate eardrum. Additionally, ear wax possesses antibacterial properties that aid in safeguarding the ear from potential infections. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Ear wax.
What is the function of the thrombocytes?
- A. Form connective tissue.
- B. Play a role in blood clotting.
- C. Defend against infection.
- D. Transport respiratory gases.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: