Nokea
Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?
- A. FSH
- B. Estrogen
- C. LH
- D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Estrogen initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy by promoting its growth and thickening during the menstrual cycle. It is essential for creating a suitable environment for implantation of a fertilized egg. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is involved in stimulating follicle development in the ovaries, LH (Luteinizing Hormone) triggers ovulation, and Progesterone is crucial for maintaining the endometrial lining post-ovulation and during early pregnancy.
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Which anatomic structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?
- A. Nose
- B. Throat
- C. Eye
- D. Ear
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ear. The malleus, incus, and stapes, also known as the auditory ossicles, are the three smallest bones in the human body and are located in the middle ear. These bones play a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear, facilitating the hearing process.
What organelle contributes to phagocytosis in white blood cells?
- A. ER
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Vacuole
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes play a crucial role in phagocytosis within white blood cells. Lysosomes contain enzymes that aid in the digestion of foreign particles and cellular debris, making them essential for the process of phagocytosis. The other organelles listed, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vacuole, and Golgi apparatus, do not directly contribute to phagocytosis within white blood cells.
What is the function of aldosterone?
- A. It converts proinsulin to insulin.
- B. It conserves sodium in the body.
- C. It protects against stress.
- D. It affects heat production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a key role in regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. Its primary function is to conserve sodium by increasing its reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Which type of cholesterol is considered the healthiest?
- A. LDL
- B. HDL
- C. VLDL
- D. VHDL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered the healthiest type of cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease. HDL acts as a scavenger, picking up excess cholesterol in the blood and transporting it back to the liver for removal from the body. This is why HDL is often referred to as 'good' cholesterol, emphasizing its protective role in cardiovascular health.
Which muscle of the quadriceps group is located on the lateral surface of the lower extremity?
- A. Vastus lateralis
- B. Gastrocnemius
- C. Anterior tibialis
- D. Rectus femoris
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vastus lateralis. The vastus lateralis is a muscle of the quadriceps group that is situated on the lateral side of the lower extremity. It is responsible for extending the knee joint. Gastrocnemius (choice B) is a muscle located in the calf, Anterior tibialis (choice C) is a muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg, and Rectus femoris (choice D) is a muscle of the quadriceps group but is not located on the lateral surface of the lower extremity. Therefore, they do not match the description provided in the question and are incorrect choices.