Nokea
Where in the human body are most nutrients absorbed?
- A. Kidney.
- B. Large intestine.
- C. Lungs.
- D. Small Intestine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
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Which type of cholesterol is considered to be the healthiest?
- A. LDL
- B. HDL
- C. VLDL
- D. VHDL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is considered the healthiest type of cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease. HDL acts as a scavenger, carrying cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. Having high levels of HDL cholesterol is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases.
A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Nervous
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial. Epithelial tissues are made up of closely packed cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. The characteristics described in the question, such as cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, tall and thin cells, absence of extracellular matrix, and no blood vessels, are typical of epithelial tissues. These tissues serve functions like protection, absorption, and secretion, making them well-suited for lining organs like the stomach.
You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. What is the tissue?
- A. Spongy bone
- B. Compact bone
- C. Cartilage
- D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spongy bone. Spongy bone tissue has open spaces partially filled by needle-like structures known as trabeculae. This arrangement gives spongy bone its characteristic appearance and provides structural support while reducing the tissue's density. Compact bone, on the other hand, is dense and solid, lacking the open spaces seen in spongy bone. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue without needle-like structures, and adipose tissue is predominantly composed of fat cells, not needle-like structures.
Which glands of the skin produce a thin, watery secretion?
- A. Sebaceous glands
- B. Eccrine glands
- C. Apocrine glands
- D. Endocrine glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eccrine glands are the correct answer. These glands produce a thin, watery secretion known as sweat. The primary function of eccrine glands is to regulate body temperature by releasing sweat that evaporates and cools the body. Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance, apocrine glands release a thicker secretion, and endocrine glands are responsible for hormone secretion.
Which mineral is responsible for muscle contractions?
- A. Chloride
- B. Sodium
- C. Calcium
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium is the mineral responsible for muscle contractions. When a muscle receives a signal from the nervous system, calcium is released within the muscle cells, allowing the muscle fibers to contract. This process is essential for various bodily functions, including movement, digestion, and heart function.