Nokea
Where would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum in the body?
- A. Back of the hand
- B. Heel of the foot
- C. Abdomen
- D. Over the shin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, providing a protective barrier to the skin. Areas of the body that experience more friction and pressure tend to have a thicker stratum corneum. The heel of the foot is subjected to constant pressure and friction during walking and standing, leading to the development of a particularly thick stratum corneum to protect against wear and tear.
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How many different types of tissues are there in the human body?
- A. four
- B. six
- C. eight
- D. ten
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The human body is composed of four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, connective tissue provides support and structure, muscle tissue allows movement, and nervous tissue coordinates body activities through electrical signals. Therefore, the correct answer is four.
How much air does an adult inhale in an average breath?
- A. 500 mL
- B. 750 mL
- C. 1000 mL
- D. 1250 mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An adult typically inhales around 500 mL of air in an average breath. This volume is known as tidal volume, representing the amount of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Tidal volume plays a crucial role in efficient gas exchange in the lungs and maintaining adequate oxygen levels in the body. It is essential for proper respiratory function and ensuring the body receives the necessary oxygen for cellular respiration and overall metabolism.
What organelle contributes to phagocytosis in white blood cells?
- A. ER
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Vacuole
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes play a crucial role in phagocytosis within white blood cells. Lysosomes contain enzymes that aid in the digestion of foreign particles and cellular debris, making them essential for the process of phagocytosis. The other organelles listed, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vacuole, and Golgi apparatus, do not directly contribute to phagocytosis within white blood cells.
Which type of cell secretes antibodies?
- A. bacterial cell
- B. viral cell
- C. lymph cell
- D. plasma cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell specialized in producing and secreting antibodies. Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are vital components of the immune system that help recognize and neutralize pathogens. When the body encounters an antigen, plasma cells are activated to produce and secrete antibodies specific to that antigen. These antibodies bind to the pathogen, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. Therefore, plasma cells are the correct answer as they are specifically designed to produce and secrete antibodies to fight infections.
Which type of tissue is characterized by cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, tall and thin cells, and the absence of blood vessels?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The tissue described in the question, where cells are found on the internal surface of the stomach, are tall and thin, lack an extracellular matrix, and do not contain blood vessels, corresponds to epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue functions to protect, absorb, and secrete, making it well-suited for lining surfaces and forming barriers in the body.