Nokea
What are the two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production?
- A. Fermentation and internal respiration
- B. Fermentation and external respiration
- C. Fermentation and cellular respiration
- D. Fermentation and anaerobic respiration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fermentation and cellular respiration. Fermentation and cellular respiration are the two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces a small amount of ATP, while cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce a much larger amount of ATP through a series of metabolic pathways.
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You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. What is the tissue?
- A. Spongy bone
- B. Compact bone
- C. Cartilage
- D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spongy bone. Spongy bone tissue has open spaces partially filled by needle-like structures known as trabeculae. This arrangement gives spongy bone its characteristic appearance and provides structural support while reducing the tissue's density. Compact bone, on the other hand, is dense and solid, lacking the open spaces seen in spongy bone. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue without needle-like structures, and adipose tissue is predominantly composed of fat cells, not needle-like structures.
What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs?
- A. Atom
- B. Organelle
- C. Cell
- D. DNA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cell. Cells are the basic unit of life and are the building blocks of tissues and organs. They are responsible for carrying out essential functions in living organisms, such as growth, maintenance, and reproduction. While atoms are the smallest unit of matter, organelles are structures within cells, and DNA carries genetic information within cells, the cell itself is the fundamental unit of life.
Which structure is located on the sternum?
- A. Xiphoid process
- B. Sesamoid bone
- C. Hyoid bone
- D. Ossified process
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The xiphoid process is the structure located at the bottom of the sternum. It is a small cartilaginous process that ossifies with age. The sesamoid bone is a small bone embedded within a tendon, not typically found on the sternum. The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, not on the sternum. 'Ossified' refers to a structure that has become hardened like bone, but it is not a specific structure located on the sternum.
Which hormones regulate testicular activity?
- A. FSH
- B. LH
- C. GH
- D. Both FSH and LH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Testicular activity is regulated by both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH stimulates sperm cell production in the testes, while LH stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells in the testes. Therefore, both FSH and LH are essential in controlling testicular activity.
Where do spermatozoa develop in men?
- A. Seminiferous tubules
- B. Vas deferens
- C. Ejaculatory ducts
- D. Bulbourethral glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spermatozoa develop within the seminiferous tubules of each testis. These tubules are responsible for the production of sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. While the vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and bulbourethral glands play essential roles in the transport and release of sperm, they are not involved in the actual development of sperm.