Nokea
A VII nerve injury at the exit from the stylomastoid foramen would explain all except:
- A. Loss of sensation over the vallecula
- B. Loss of taste over the anterior third of the tongue
- C. Increased responsiveness to loud noises
- D. Inability to open the ipsilateral eye
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the facial nerve (VII) does not control eye opening; this is controlled by the oculomotor nerve (III). The other options (a, b, c, e) are consistent with a VII nerve injury.
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Congenital toxoplasmosis is associated with:
- A. Microcephaly
- B. Chorioretinitis
- C. Sore throat
- D. Sacroileitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chorioretinitis is a common manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis, often leading to vision problems and ocular abnormalities.
The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery. What should the nurse do if evidence of cardiac tamponade is found?
- A. Increase analgesia
- B. Apply warming blankets
- C. Immediately report this to physician
- D. Encourage child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If evidence is noted of cardiac tamponade, which is blood or fluid in the pericardial space constricting the heart, the physician is notified immediately of this life-threatening complication. Increasing analgesia may be done before the physician drains the fluid, but the physician must be notified. Warming blankets are not indicated at this time. Encouraging the child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply should be deferred till after the evaluation by the physician.
An adult client is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and a urinary tract infection (UTI). Prescriptions for intravenous antibiotics and an insulin infusion are initiated. Which serum laboratory value warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. Glucose of 350 mg/dl
- B. White blood cell count of 15,000 mm3
- C. Blood PH of 7.30
- D. Potassium of 2.5 mEq/L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L is dangerously low and must be corrected immediately to prevent cardiac arrhythmias.
Increased pulmonary markings (increased pulmonary blood flow) is seen in
- A. pulmonary atresia
- B. truncus arteriosus
- C. tetralogy of Fallot
- D. tricuspid atresia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Truncus arteriosus results in increased pulmonary blood flow leading to increased pulmonary markings on chest X-ray.
The following antibodies are seen in the conditions mentioned:
- A. Anti-endomysial antibodies in coeliac disease
- B. Anti-insulin receptor antibodies in diabetes mellitus
- C. Anti-epidermal antibodies in vitiligo
- D. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in spinal muscular atrophy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-endomysial antibodies are specifically associated with coeliac disease, making (a) the correct answer. The other options are incorrect as they describe antibodies associated with different conditions.