Nokea
Polysplenia (left isomerism) is characterized by
- A. right-sided stomach
- B. decreased pulmonary blood flow
- C. absent gallbladder
- D. howell-jolly bodies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Polysplenia is associated with left-sided structures and absent gallbladder.
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A characteristic sign of hypercalcaemia is:
- A. Trousseau's sign
- B. Chvostek's sign
- C. Homan's sign
- D. Kussmaul's sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trousseau's sign, which involves muscle spasms when a blood pressure cuff is inflated, is a common indicator of hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.
The nurse calculates the body mass index (BMI) for an obese adult. Which additional assessment finding places the client at high risk for cardiac disease?
- A. Large waist circumference with central fat
- B. High serum insulin level
- C. Hyperpigmentation on neck skin folds
- D. Poor muscle tone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A large waist circumference with central fat is associated with an increased risk for cardiac disease due to visceral fat accumulation.
The following are characters of venous hum EXCEPT
- A. continuous murmur heard in infraclavicular region
- B. grades louder with mane compression
- C. l-lll/Vl in supine position
- D. with jugular vein changes in patient position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Venous hums are continuous murmurs that change with position and compression but do not grade louder with mane compression.
Which statement by the mother of a child with rheumatic fever (RF) shows she has an understanding of prevention for her other children?
- A. Whenever one of them gets a sore throat, I will give that child an antibiotic.
- B. There is no treatment. It must run its course.
- C. If their culture is positive for group A streptococcus, I will give them their antibiotic.
- D. If their culture is positive for staphylococcus A, I will give them their antibiotic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Preventive antibiotic therapy is indicated when a culture is positive for group A streptococcus, but unnecessary antibiotic use (if the infection is viral) should be avoided.
The MOST common cause of death from associated cardiac lesions without heart syndrome in the first month of life is
- A. d-Transposition
- B. hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- C. pulmonary atresia
- D. truncus arteriosus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: d-Transposition of the great arteries is a common cause of death in the first month due to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.