Nokea
The blood pressure in the right arm is 95/70, and in the lower extremity it is 45/25. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. patent ductus arteriosus
- B. truncus arteriosus
- C. asplenia
- D. coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta causes a significant difference in blood pressure between the upper and lower extremities.
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Respiratory pathogens in the immunosuppressed include:
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Legionella
- C. Pneumocystis carinii
- D. Chlamydia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients, especially those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
Regarding the genetics of CF:
- A. The commonest mutation in Caucasians is the ~F-580
- B. The affected protein is a transmembrane Na channel
- C. Accurate prenatal diagnosis is possible in all cases
- D. There are less than 10 mutations causing disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: the affected protein in cystic fibrosis (CF) is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is a chloride channel, not a sodium channel. The other options are incorrect: (a) The commonest mutation in Caucasians is ΔF508, not ~F-580. (b) Parents of an affected child are typically carriers and do not show symptoms. (c) Prenatal diagnosis is not possible in all cases due to the vast number of mutations. (d) There are over 2000 known mutations causing CF.
The treatment of the patient is best performed by which methods (Select one that doesn't apply)?
- A. Intravenous indomethacin
- B. Surgical closure
- C. Catheter coil closure
- D. Digoxin until the PDA closes spontaneously
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indomethacin, surgical closure, and catheter coil closure are standard treatments for patent ductus arteriosus.
The following conditions involve the oral mucosa:
- A. Herpes simplex type I infection
- B. Scabies
- C. Eczema
- D. Lichen planus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Herpes simplex type I infection commonly involves the oral mucosa, causing lesions such as cold sores.
Changes that occur in CVS and Respiratory system at birth
- A. Increase in pulmonary Vascular resistance
- B. Increase in Oxygen concentration in Aorta
- C. Increase in the right Ventricular Pressure
- D. Reversal of flow through the ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At birth, oxygen concentration increases in the aorta as lungs begin functioning.