Nokea
Adverse effects of NSAIDs include:
- A. Acute renal dysfunction
- B. Renal papillary necrosis
- C. Fluid retention
- D. Hypokalaemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: NSAIDs can cause acute renal dysfunction by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which is crucial for renal blood flow.
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The nurse is preparing a client for discharge who was recently diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the client's discharge teaching plan?
- A. Use a walker when weakness occurs
- B. Avoid extreme environmental temperatures
- C. Increase daily intake of sodium in diet
- D. Take prescribed cortisone accurately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking prescribed cortisone accurately is crucial for managing Addison's disease and preventing an adrenal crisis.
A nurse assesses a client who had a myocardial infarction and is hypotensive. Which additional assessment finding should the nurse expect?
- A. Heart rate of 120 beats/min
- B. Cool, clammy skin
- C. Oxygen saturation of 90%
- D. Respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A heart rate of 120 beats/min (tachycardia) is a common compensatory response to hypotension following a myocardial infarction, as the body attempts to maintain cardiac output.
Postoperative pulmonary hypertension can be managed with
- A. hyperventilation
- B. catecholamines
- C. nitroprusside
- D. phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inhaled nitric oxide and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are commonly used to manage postoperative pulmonary hypertension.
Azathioprine:
- A. Is a prodrug
- B. Is teratogenic
- C. Should be avoided in liver disease
- D. Dose should be increased when given with allopurinol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Azathioprine is a prodrug. It is not highly teratogenic, can be used in liver disease with caution, and its dose should be reduced with allopurinol.
A 3-year-old child is receiving dextrose 5% in water and half-normal saline solution at 100 ml/hour. Which sign or symptom suggests excessive I.V. fluid intake?
- A. Worsening dyspnea
- B. Gastric distension
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Temperature of 102°F (38.9° C)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Worsening dyspnea may indicate fluid overload, leading to pulmonary edema and respiratory distress.