Nokea
The following conditions may present with microcephaly:
- A. Dandy-Walker malformation
- B. Congenital rubella
- C. Rett syndrome
- D. Edward's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Congenital rubella syndrome is associated with microcephaly due to intrauterine infection affecting brain development.
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Which of the following is false regarding right ventricle?
- A. It has fine and regular trabeculations
- B. Septal attachment of AV valve is more apical
- C. Moderator band is present
- D. Trabecular septomarginalis is present
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The right ventricle typically has coarse trabeculations, not fine and regular ones.
Hyperkalaemia:
- A. Is exacerbated by acidosis
- B. Is a finding in Conn's syndrome
- C. ECG findings include peaked tall T-waves
- D. Should be treated if serum K+ > 6mmol/l
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acidosis exacerbates hyperkalaemia by causing a shift of potassium from intracellular to extracellular space, worsening the condition.
Which statement by the mother of a child with rheumatic fever (RF) shows she has an understanding of prevention for her other children?
- A. Whenever one of them gets a sore throat, I will give that child an antibiotic.
- B. There is no treatment. It must run its course.
- C. If their culture is positive for group A streptococcus, I will give them their antibiotic.
- D. If their culture is positive for staphylococcus A, I will give them their antibiotic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Preventive antibiotic therapy is indicated when a culture is positive for group A streptococcus, but unnecessary antibiotic use (if the infection is viral) should be avoided.
A characteristic sign of hypercalcaemia is:
- A. Trousseau's sign
- B. Chvostek's sign
- C. Homan's sign
- D. Kussmaul's sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trousseau's sign, which involves muscle spasms when a blood pressure cuff is inflated, is a common indicator of hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.
A nurse cares for a client who is prescribed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart. The client’s health history includes a previous myocardial infarction and pacemaker implantation. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Schedule an electrocardiogram just before the MRI.
- B. Notify the healthcare provider before scheduling the MRI.
- C. Call the physician and request a laboratory draw for cardiac enzymes.
- D. Instruct the client to increase fluid intake the day before the MRI.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients with pacemakers are generally not candidates for MRI due to the risk of device malfunction or tissue damage. The healthcare provider must be notified to determine the best course of action.