Nokea
Most common autoimmune antibody - mediated encephalopathy is
- A. Anti-NMDA receptor antibody syndrome
- B. Anti-voltage gated potassium channel antibody syndrome
- C. Anti-AMPAR antibody syndrome
- D. Anti-Glycine receptor antibody syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-NMDA receptor antibody syndrome is the most common autoimmune antibody-mediated encephalopathy.
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Hyperkalaemia:
- A. Is exacerbated by acidosis
- B. Is a finding in Conn's syndrome
- C. ECG findings include peaked tall T-waves
- D. Should be treated if serum K+ > 6mmol/l
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acidosis exacerbates hyperkalaemia by causing a shift of potassium from intracellular to extracellular space, worsening the condition.
Complications of an infant of a diabetic mother include:
- A. Hypoglycaemia
- B. Hypocalcaemia
- C. Hyperinsulinaemia
- D. Jaundice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk of hypoglycemia due to maternal hyperglycemia leading to fetal hyperinsulinemia, which persists after birth.
The following conditions may present with microcephaly:
- A. Dandy-Walker malformation
- B. Congenital rubella
- C. Rett syndrome
- D. Edward's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Congenital rubella syndrome is associated with microcephaly due to intrauterine infection affecting brain development.
The MOST common cause of sudden death in competitive athletes is
- A. aortic stenosis
- B. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- C. coronary artery abnormalities
- D. myocarditis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden death in competitive athletes.
A characteristic sign of hypercalcaemia is:
- A. Trousseau's sign
- B. Chvostek's sign
- C. Homan's sign
- D. Kussmaul's sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trousseau's sign, which involves muscle spasms when a blood pressure cuff is inflated, is a common indicator of hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.