Nokea
Drug of choice for infective endocarditis due to HACEK organisms is
- A. Vancomycin
- B. Gentamicin
- C. Ampicillin
- D. Ceftriaxone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice for infective endocarditis due to HACEK organisms.
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A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever. Which areas of the heart are affected by carditis?
- A. Coronary arteries
- B. Heart muscle and the mitral valve
- C. Aortic and pulmonic valves
- D. Contractility of the ventricles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tissues that cover the heart and heart valves are affected. The heart muscle may be involved and the mitral valve is frequently involved.
What are FIVE possible etiologies for a heart rate of 40 bpm with atrial rate of 92 bpm and AV-dissociation in a 4-year-old girl?
- A. Congenital CHB from maternal Lupus
- B. Fetal myocarditis
- C. CCTGA
- D. Medication induced
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital heart block from maternal conditions like lupus can present with low heart rate and AV dissociation in a young child.
Which is a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever?
- A. Seizures
- B. Cardiac arrhythmias
- C. Pulmonary hypertension
- D. Cardiac valve damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac valve damage is the most significant complication of rheumatic fever. Seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension are not common complications of rheumatic fever.
Hemolytic anaemia is characterised by:
- A. Increased haptoglobin
- B. Haemosiderinuria
- C. Polychromasia
- D. Megaloblastic bone marrow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Haemosiderinuria: Hemolytic anaemia often leads to the release of heme, which is broken down into hemosiderin, leading to haemosiderinuria (presence of hemosiderin in urine).
Mycoplasma pneumonia:
- A. Is associated with bullous myringitis
- B. Cold haemaglutinin antibodies are a recognised finding
- C. Guillain-Barre syndrome is a recognised sequel
- D. Is associated with erythema marginatum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cold haemagglutinin antibodies are a recognized finding in Mycoplasma pneumonia. Bullous myringitis and Guillain-Barre syndrome are also associated.