Nokea
Regarding hypogonadotropic hypogonadism:
- A. Kallman syndrome is an example
- B. It is caused by testicular atrophy secondary to trauma
- C. LHRH testing is used to distinguish it from other forms of hypogonadism
- D. It is treated with buserelin sprays
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kallman syndrome is a classic example of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by delayed puberty and anosmia.
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Cerebral salt wasting indicates all, except
- A. Low serum sodium
- B. High intravascular volume
- C. High urine output
- D. Low vasopressin level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cerebral salt wasting is characterized by low serum sodium, high urine output, and low vasopressin levels, but it is associated with hypovolemia, not high intravascular volume.
The following statements are true of bronchiolitis:
- A. Up to 50% of patients continue to wheeze after recovery
- B. The typical pathogen is para-influenza virus
- C. Corticosteroid therapy is beneficial
- D. Tachypnoea is invariable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wheezing after bronchiolitis is common. The typical pathogen is respiratory syncytial virus, not para-influenza. Corticosteroids are not routinely beneficial, and tachypnoea is common but not invariable.
David, age 15 months, is recovering from surgery to remove Wilms’ tumor. Which findings best indicates that the child is free from pain?
- A. Decreased appetite
- B. Increased heart rate
- C. Decreased urine output
- D. Increased interest in play
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased interest in play is a positive sign that the child is not experiencing significant pain and is recovering well.
Patrick, a healthy adolescent has meningitis and is receiving I.V. and oral fluids. The nurse should monitor this client’s fluid intake because fluid overload may cause:
- A. Cerebral edema
- B. Dehydration
- C. Heart failure
- D. Hypovolemic shock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload in a patient with meningitis can exacerbate cerebral edema, increasing intracranial pressure and worsening the condition.
Renin:
- A. Is secreted mainly in extrarenal tissues
- B. Secretion increases on lying supine
- C. Secretion increases with potassium
- D. Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidneys that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II which plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. The other options are incorrect because renin is not mainly secreted in extrarenal tissues its secretion does not increase on lying supine or with potassium and it does not regulate osmolality.