Nokea
A wide range of values can be plotted and seen clearly, regardless of magnitude
- A. Arithmetic-scale line graph
- B. Semilogarithmic-scale line graph
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Semilogarithmic-scale line graphs accommodate wide value ranges effectively.
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You are planning a case-control study of lung cancer to test the hypothesis that vegetable consumption is protective against lung cancer. Would you match on smoking? Explain your answer.
- A. Yes, because smoking is a known confounder for lung cancer.
- B. No, because matching on smoking will introduce overmatching.
- C. Yes, because smoking correlates with vegetable consumption.
- D. No, because smoking is unrelated to vegetable consumption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking is a strong confounder for lung cancer, and matching on smoking helps ensure comparability between cases and controls, preventing spurious associations.
Identify the type of study design described: Fifteen hundred adult men who worked for Lockheed Aircraft were initially examined in 1951 and were classified by diagnostic criteria for coronary artery disease. Every three years they have been reexamined for new cases of the disease; attack rates in different subgroups have been computed annually.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Cross-sectional study
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This ongoing follow-up represents a cohort study monitoring disease incidence.
The reference protein is
- A. Egg
- B. Milk
- C. Soybean
- D. Meat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Egg protein is considered the reference protein due to its high biological value.
What methods are commonly used for surveillance data collection?
- A. Vital registration.
- B. Randomized clinical trials.
- C. Disease notifications.
- D. Population surveys.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Population surveys provide valuable data on health-related behaviors and population health status.
When people migrate within the same country,it is called:
- A. in migration
- B. emigration
- C. outmigration
- D. immigration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In-migration refers to movement into a particular area within the same country.