Nokea
A widowed mother of four school-age children is hospitalized with metastatic ovarian cancer. The patient is crying and tells the nurse that she does not know what will happen to her children when she dies. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Don't you have any friends that will raise the children for you?'
- B. Would you like to talk about options for the care of your children?'
- C. For now you need to concentrate on getting well and not worrying about your children.'
- D. Many patients with cancer live for a long time, so there is time to plan for your children.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metastatic ovarian cancer's end-stage she's scared for her kids. Asking about options opens a lifeline, validating her fear without shutting it down. Friends assumes too much; get well' dodges reality; long time' sugarcoats. Nurses in oncology lean in here listening, planning ease her burden, a human touch amid grim odds.
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An intra-venous drug user with endocarditis has a TOE and multiple blood cultures taken. He is most likely to have:
- A. tricuspid valve involvement and s.aureus on blood culture
- B. tricuspid valve involvement and enterococci on blood culture
- C. mitral valve involvement and mixed growth on blood culture
- D. tricuspid valve involvement and candida on blood culture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IVDU endocarditis tricuspid flops, Staph aureus spikes, not enterococci, mixed, candida, or blanks. Nurses hear this chronic junkie beat.
Which is NOT the main pharmacological activity of Chinese goldenseal (Coptis chinensis) used as a therapy for diabetes?
- A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition
- B. Anti-inflammation
- C. Anti-atherosclerosis
- D. Protective effects on vascular endothelial function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chinese goldenseal's diabetes gig alpha-glucosidase block slows sugar, anti-atherosclerosis and endothelial protection guard vessels, all core. Anti-inflammation's a sidekick, not the lead less about sugar control, more general. Clinicians lean on the trio, a chronic herbal angle.
Which of the following has been shown to be useful in managing fatty liver?
- A. Insulin injection
- B. Metformin
- C. Vitamin E
- D. Exercises
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin E, an antioxidant, reduces hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), per AASLD guidelines, aiding NAFLD management. Insulin treats diabetes, not NAFLD directly. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity but lacks strong evidence for NAFLD reversal. Exercise and diet are key but split here; exercise aids weight loss, indirectly helping. Vitamin E's specific benefit makes it notable in chronic liver disease care.
The glycaemic profiles of people living with diabetes is affected by the following EXCEPT:
- A. Monitoring of blood glucose
- B. Dietary intake
- C. Exercise
- D. Stress
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes' sugar swings dance to diet, exercise, stress, and meds intake, burn, cortisol, and pills all tug levels. Monitoring tracks, not tweaks, the profile; it's a mirror, not a mover. Clinicians lean on this quintet's interplay, adjusting levers, not the gauge, a chronic puzzle where tools shape, not tally, the game.
An oncology patient has begun to experience skin reactions to radiation therapy, prompting the nurse to make the diagnosis Impaired Skin Integrity: erythematous reaction to radiation therapy. What intervention best addresses this nursing diagnosis?
- A. Apply an ice pack or heating pad PRN to relieve pain and pruritis
- B. Avoid skin contact with water whenever possible
- C. Apply phototherapy PRN
- D. Avoid rubbing or scratching the affected area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radiation erythema's tender rubbing or scratching tears it open, risking infection. Ice or heat burns it worse; water's fine for gentle cleaning, not avoidance. Phototherapy's for jaundice, not this. Nurses push hands off' to protect radiated skin, a staple in oncology to heal without added damage.