Nokea
A woman, 6 months pregnant, came to the center for consultation. Which of the following substances is contraindicated?
- A. Tetanus toxoid
- B. Retinol 200,000 IU
- C. Ferrous sulfate 200mg
- D. Potassium iodate 200 mg capsule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Retinol 200,000 IU. Retinol in high doses can cause birth defects in a developing fetus. Pregnant women should avoid excessive vitamin A intake to prevent harm to the baby. Tetanus toxoid (A), ferrous sulfate (C), and potassium iodate (D) are safe and recommended for pregnant women to support their health and the baby's development. In summary, retinol 200,000 IU is contraindicated due to the potential for birth defects, while the other choices are safe and beneficial during pregnancy.
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In traditional Chinese medicine, the yielding, negative, and feminine force is termed:
- A. Yin
- B. Yang
- C. Qi
- D. Chai
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Yin represents yielding, negative, and feminine energy in traditional Chinese medicine.
2. It is associated with qualities like darkness, coldness, and rest.
3. Yin balances the opposing force of Yang in the body.
4. In TCM, maintaining a balance between Yin and Yang is crucial for overall health.
5. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Yin.
Summary:
- Choice B (Yang) is incorrect as it represents the opposite force to Yin.
- Choice C (Qi) is incorrect as it refers to the vital energy flow in TCM.
- Choice D (Chai) is incorrect as it is not a term used in traditional Chinese medicine.
What is the best reason for administering vitamin A to a postpartum client?
- A. To help strengthen her immune system
- B. To improve her vision
- C. To protect her from infection
- D. To promote wound healing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To help strengthen her immune system. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system, which is especially important for postpartum women to prevent infections. Vitamin A deficiency can weaken the immune response, making the body more susceptible to infections.
Explanation for other choices:
B: To improve her vision - While vitamin A is essential for good vision, it is not the primary reason for administering it to a postpartum client.
C: To protect her from infection - This is partially correct, as vitamin A helps protect against infections, but the primary reason is to strengthen the immune system.
D: To promote wound healing - Vitamin A is important for wound healing, but the immune system support is the key reason for administering it in the postpartum period.
Which of the following health professionals can sign the birth certificate?
- A. Public health nurse
- B. Rural health midwife
- C. Municipal health officer
- D. Any of these health professionals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of these health professionals can sign a birth certificate. Public health nurses, rural health midwives, and municipal health officers are all qualified to verify and certify births. This is important for accurate record-keeping and legal purposes. Each of these professionals has the training and authority to confirm the details of a birth and sign the necessary documentation. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as any of these health professionals can sign the birth certificate. The other choices (A, B, and C) are incorrect because they limit the scope of who can sign the birth certificate, whereas the correct answer encompasses all the options provided.
In the year 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines, along with some other countries in the Western Pacific Region, 'free' of which disease?
- A. Pneumonic plague
- B. Poliomyelitis
- C. Smallpox
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smallpox. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines and other countries in the Western Pacific Region 'free' of smallpox due to successful global vaccination campaigns. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus and is characterized by a distinctive rash. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Pneumonic plague is a severe form of the bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
B: Poliomyelitis is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis, but it was not eradicated in 1980.
D: Anthrax is a bacterial infection that primarily affects animals but can also infect humans.
In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and about 34,968,000 females. What is the sex ratio?
- A. 99.06:100
- B. 100.94:100
- C. 50.23%
- D. 49.76%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sex ratio is calculated by dividing the number of males by the number of females and multiplying by 100. In this case, (35,299,000 / 34,968,000) x 100 = 100.94:100. This means for every 100 females, there are 100.94 males, indicating a slightly higher number of males.
Choice A (99.06:100) is incorrect as it suggests fewer males than females, which is not the case. Choice C (50.23%) and choice D (49.76%) are incorrect as they represent percentages rather than ratios, leading to a misleading interpretation of the data.