Nokea
When preparing a primigravida for breastfeeding, which of the following will you do?
- A. Explain that lactation usually begins 1 to 3 days after delivery
- B. Teach her nipple stretching exercises if her nipples are flat or inverted
- C. Advise against washing her nipples excessively before and after each breastfeeding
- D. Inform her that putting the baby to breast can help reduce post-delivery blood loss
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because putting the baby to breast stimulates the release of oxytocin, which helps the uterus contract and reduce post-delivery blood loss. This promotes faster recovery for the mother.
A: Incorrect - Lactation usually begins within 24-48 hours, not 1 to 3 days after delivery.
B: Incorrect - Nipple stretching exercises are not necessary for breastfeeding success and can cause discomfort.
C: Incorrect - Excessive washing of nipples can strip away natural oils and cause dryness or irritation, affecting breastfeeding.
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In a municipality with a population of about 20,000, estimate the number of 1-4 year old children who should be given Retinol capsules 200,000 every 6 months.
- A. 1,500
- B. 1,800
- C. 2,000
- D. 2,300
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (2,300). To estimate the number of 1-4 year old children who should be given Retinol capsules 200,000 every 6 months in the municipality, we can use the rule of thumb that around 10-15% of the population falls within the 1-4 age group. With a population of 20,000, this translates to approximately 2,000-3,000 children. Since 200,000 capsules are provided every 6 months, we can divide this by the number of children to determine the number of capsules per child. Therefore, 200,000 / 2,300 ≈ 87 capsules per child over 6 months, which is a reasonable estimate.
Summary of other choices:
A: 1,500 - This is too low given the population estimate and age group percentage.
B: 1,800 - This is also too low given the population estimate and age group percentage.
C
What is the interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women?
- A. 4 weeks
- B. 6 weeks
- C. 8 weeks
- D. 12 weeks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women is 4 weeks. This short interval ensures optimal immunity for both the mother and the baby against tetanus. Giving the dose every 4 weeks during pregnancy helps maintain the protective levels of antibodies. Waiting longer intervals could decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine and leave the mother and baby vulnerable to tetanus infection. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because longer intervals between doses may not provide adequate protection and could compromise immunity levels during pregnancy.
In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and about 34,968,000 females. What is the sex ratio?
- A. 99.06:100
- B. 100.94:100
- C. 50.23%
- D. 49.76%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sex ratio is calculated by dividing the number of males by the number of females and multiplying by 100. In this case, (35,299,000 / 34,968,000) x 100 = 100.94:100. This means for every 100 females, there are 100.94 males, indicating a slightly higher number of males.
Choice A (99.06:100) is incorrect as it suggests fewer males than females, which is not the case. Choice C (50.23%) and choice D (49.76%) are incorrect as they represent percentages rather than ratios, leading to a misleading interpretation of the data.
Estimate the number of pregnant women who will be given tetanus toxoid during an immunization outreach activity in a barangay with a population of about 1,500.
- A. 265
- B. 300
- C. 375
- D. 400
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 265. To estimate the number of pregnant women receiving tetanus toxoid during an outreach activity, we can use the average prevalence rate of 17.7 pregnant women per 1,000 population. So, 1,500 * 17.7 / 1,000 = 26.55, which rounds to 27 pregnant women. Since the population is 1,500, we can estimate that around 27 * 10 = 270 pregnant women. However, not all pregnant women may attend the activity, so we can further estimate that around 270 * 0.98 = 265 pregnant women will likely receive tetanus toxoid.
Summary of other choices:
B: 300 - Overestimates the number of pregnant women likely to receive tetanus toxoid.
C: 375 - Overestimates even more, not a reasonable estimate based on the given population.
D: 400 - Significantly overestimates the number
Which medical herb is commonly used for fever, headache, and cough?
- A. Sambong
- B. Tsaang gubat
- C. Akapulko
- D. Lagundi
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lagundi. Lagundi is commonly used for treating fever, headache, and cough due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It contains compounds that help reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and act as a cough suppressant. Sambong (A) is primarily used for kidney disorders, Tsaang gubat (B) is known for its antidiarrheal properties, and Akapulko (C) is used to treat skin diseases. Therefore, Lagundi is the most appropriate choice for the given symptoms.