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A woman calls the clinic and tells the nurse she has had bloody drainage from her right nipple. The nurse makes an appointment for this patient, expecting the physician or practitioner to order what diagnostic test on this patient?
- A. Breast ultrasound
- B. Radiography
- C. Positron emission testing (PET)
- D. Galactography Chapter 59: Male Reproductive: Terminologies PLISSIT Model, Prostate Cancer, Testicular cancer, BPH & Erectile dysfunction (ED)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Breast ultrasound. Bloody drainage from the nipple can be indicative of various conditions such as breast cancer. A breast ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging test that can help visualize any abnormalities in the breast tissue, including masses or tumors. It is commonly used to evaluate breast symptoms like nipple discharge. Radiography (B) is not typically used for evaluating breast conditions. Positron emission testing (PET) (C) is more commonly used in cancer staging and may not be the first-line test for this symptom. Galactography (D) is a specific imaging test used to evaluate the ducts of the breast and may not be the initial test for bloody nipple discharge.
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A patient has been diagnosed with serous otitis media for the third time in the past year. How should the nurse best interpret this patients health status?
- A. For some patients, these recurrent infections constitute an age-related physiologic change.
- B. The patient would benefit from a temporary mobility restriction to facilitate healing.
- C. The patient needs to be assessed for nasopharyngeal cancer.
- D. Blood cultures should be drawn to rule out a systemic infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Serous otitis media is common in children due to eustachian tube dysfunction, not usually related to systemic infections.
Step 2: Recurrent infections may indicate age-related changes like decreased eustachian tube function.
Step 3: Age-related physiologic changes can lead to poor drainage, causing recurrent otitis media.
Step 4: Therefore, choice A is correct as it aligns with the typical presentation of serous otitis media in the context of age.
Summary: Choice B is incorrect as there is no indication for temporary mobility restriction. Choice C is incorrect as serous otitis media does not typically warrant assessment for nasopharyngeal cancer. Choice D is incorrect as blood cultures are not typically indicated for serous otitis media.
A 42-year-old man has come to the clinic for an annual physical. The nurse notes in the patients history that his father was treated for breast cancer. What should the nurse provide to the patient before he leaves the clinic?
- A. A referral for a mammogram
- B. Instructions about breast self-examination (BSE)
- C. A referral to a surgeon
- D. A referral to a support group
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A referral for a mammogram. Given the family history of breast cancer in the patient's father, the nurse should recommend a mammogram as a preventive measure due to increased risk. Mammograms are effective in detecting breast cancer early, especially in individuals with a family history. This can help in early diagnosis and timely intervention if needed.
B: Instructions about breast self-examination (BSE) can be helpful, but in this case, a mammogram is a more definitive screening tool for high-risk individuals.
C: A referral to a surgeon is not necessary at this point as the patient does not exhibit any symptoms of breast cancer.
D: Referral to a support group may be beneficial for emotional support, but the priority should be on proactive screening measures like a mammogram.
A nurse is providing care to a patient from adifferent culture. Which action by the nurse indicates cultural competence?
- A. Communicates effectively in a multicultural context
- B. Functions effectively in a multicultural context
- C. Visits a foreign country
- D. Speaks a different language
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because effective communication in a multicultural context is essential for cultural competence. By communicating effectively, the nurse can understand and respect the patient's cultural beliefs, values, and practices. This helps in providing appropriate care tailored to the patient's cultural needs. Choice B is too vague and does not specifically address communication skills. Choice C, visiting a foreign country, does not directly demonstrate cultural competence in patient care. Choice D, speaking a different language, is important but not sufficient on its own to indicate cultural competence without effective communication skills.
A patient has returned to the post-surgical unit after vulvar surgery. What intervention should the nurse prioritize during the initial postoperative period?
- A. Placing the patient in high Fowlers position
- B. Administering sitz baths every 4 hours
- C. Monitoring the integrity of the surgical site
- D. Avoiding analgesics unless the patients pain is unbearable
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monitoring the integrity of the surgical site. This is the priority intervention as it ensures early detection of any complications like infection or bleeding. The nurse should assess for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or drainage, and monitor for any changes in the wound appearance. Placing the patient in high Fowler's position (A) may be beneficial for comfort but is not the priority. Administering sitz baths (B) may be helpful for comfort but should not be the priority over monitoring the surgical site. Avoiding analgesics (D) unless the pain is unbearable is not appropriate as pain management is essential for the patient's comfort and recovery.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has had diarrheafor the past week. Which additional assessment finding will the nurse expect?
- A. Distended abdomen
- B. Decreased skin turgor
- C. Increased energy levels
- D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased skin turgor. Diarrhea leads to fluid loss and dehydration, causing a decrease in skin turgor. Assessing skin turgor by gently pinching the skin on the patient's forearm is important to determine hydration status. A: Distended abdomen is more indicative of possible bowel obstruction or fluid accumulation, not specifically related to diarrhea. C: Increased energy levels are unlikely as diarrhea typically causes fatigue and weakness due to electrolyte imbalance. D: Elevated blood pressure is not a typical finding with diarrhea unless there are other underlying medical conditions.