Nokea
A woman is 15 weeks pregnant with her first baby. She asks how long it will be before she feels the baby move. The best answer is:
- A. You should have felt the baby move by now.
- B. Within the next month, you should start to feel fluttering sensations.
- C. The baby is moving; however, you can't feel it yet.
- D. Some babies are quiet, and you don't feel them move.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maternal perception of fetal movement usually begins 16 to 20 weeks after conception.
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After counseling with an obstetrician about infertility, a couple is advised to undergo testicular sperm aspiration. The nurse is aware that the procedure may be recommended for which infertility?
- A. Blocked fallopian tubes
- B. Unsuccessful vasectomy reversal
- C. Poor cervical mucus production
- D. Diminished sperm motility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Testicular sperm aspiration is a procedure to retrieve sperm directly from the testicles.
Step 2: If a vasectomy reversal was unsuccessful, it means there is no sperm in the ejaculate due to the blocked vas deferens.
Step 3: Testicular sperm aspiration can be recommended in such cases to retrieve sperm for assisted reproductive techniques.
Summary:
A: Blocked fallopian tubes do not involve male infertility; they affect female fertility.
C: Poor cervical mucus production is a female factor, not male.
D: Diminished sperm motility may require other treatments, not testicular sperm aspiration.
What is the purpose of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in the first trimester?
- A. to measure the amount of amniotic fluid
- B. to confirm pregnancy
- C. to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus
- D. to assess for potential maternal infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: CVS is done in the first trimester to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus by obtaining a sample of cells from the placenta. This allows for genetic testing to detect conditions such as Down syndrome. Other choices are incorrect as CVS is not used to measure amniotic fluid quantity (A), confirm pregnancy (B), or assess maternal infection (D).
With regard to chromosome abnormalities, nurses should be aware that:
- A. They occur in approximately 10% of newborns.
- B. Abnormalities of number are the leading cause of pregnancy loss.
- C. Down syndrome is a result of an abnormal chromosome structure.
- D. Unbalanced translocation results in a mild abnormality that the child will outgrow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aneuploidy is an abnormality of number that also is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation.
The nurse is explaining fetal circulation to a group of nursing students. Which information should be included in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)
- A. After birth the ductus venosus remains open, but the other shunts close
- B. The foramen ovale shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium.
- C. The ductus venosus shunts blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava
- D. The ductus venosus shunts blood from the liver to the inferior vena cav
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The ductus venosus shunts blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava. During fetal circulation, the ductus venosus allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and flow directly into the inferior vena cava. This is important for fetal circulation as the liver is not fully functional in the fetus. After birth, the ductus venosus closes as the liver becomes fully operational.
Rationale for incorrect choices:
A: After birth, the ductus venosus closes, not remains open.
B: The foramen ovale shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium, not related to the ductus venosus.
D: This choice is a repetition of the correct information but incorrectly states the destination of the shunted blood.
The nurse caring for the laboring woman should know that meconium is produced by:
- A. Fetal intestines.
- B. Fetal kidneys.
- C. Amniotic fluid.
- D. The placenta.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: As the fetus nears term, fetal waste products accumulate in the intestines as dark green-to-black, tarry meconium.