Fetal Development Questions

Fetal Development Questions Related

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A 37-year-old patient is being seen for her first OB appointment after having a positive pregnancy test at home. She thinks she is about 6 weeks pregnant. She and her husband have been trying to conceive for 7 years, and she has a history of three spontaneous abortions. What antepartum testing do you anticipate the provider ordering at today’s visit?

  • A. a vaginal ultrasound to confirm gestation age, due date, and pregnancy viability
  • B. maternal assay blood tests to screen for genetic and chromosomal disorders
  • C. a nuchal translucency ultrasound
  • D. an integrated screen blood test
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: a vaginal ultrasound to confirm gestation age, due date, and pregnancy viability. At the first OB appointment, confirming gestational age and viability is crucial, especially for a patient with a history of spontaneous abortions. This ultrasound will help determine the accurate due date and assess the viability of the pregnancy. Maternal assay blood tests for genetic and chromosomal disorders (choice B) are usually done later in the pregnancy, around 10-13 weeks. Nuchal translucency ultrasound (choice C) and integrated screen blood test (choice D) are typically done between 11-14 weeks and are not usually ordered at the first OB appointment.

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Identify the health care provided during a home birth. Select all that apply.

  • A. labor support
  • B. trained birth attendant
  • C. neonatal intensive care
  • D. breast-feeding assistance
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: neonatal intensive care. This is because during a home birth, neonatal intensive care is not provided as it requires specialized medical equipment and expertise typically only available in hospitals. Labor support (A) and trained birth attendant (B) are essential for home births. Breastfeeding assistance (D) may be provided post-birth but is not a defining feature of care during a home birth.

What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation?

  • A. prolactin
  • B. progesterone
  • C. luteinizing hormone
  • D. follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: progesterone. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining pregnancy. Prolactin (A) is a hormone mainly involved in milk production. Luteinizing hormone (C) triggers ovulation and the release of the egg from the ovary. Follicle-stimulating hormone (D) is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles. The key is understanding the physiological processes post-ovulation and the role of progesterone in these processes.

A female patient is concerned about an inability to become pregnant after trying for 1 year. Which information collected during a health history causes the nurse the greatest amount of concern about possible infertility?

  • A. The patient works as a ballroom dance instructor.
  • B. The patient is turning 37 years old this year.
  • C. The patient has hot flashes and mood swings.
  • D. The patient was treated for a pelvic inflammatory disease while in college.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because hot flashes and mood swings can indicate hormonal imbalances, which are common causes of infertility. This symptom suggests potential issues with ovulation or other reproductive system functions. Choice A is irrelevant to infertility. Choice B, age alone does not indicate infertility. Choice D, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease can cause infertility, but symptoms indicating current hormonal imbalances are of more immediate concern.

With regard to chromosome abnormalities, nurses should be aware that:

  • A. They occur in approximately 10% of newborns.
  • B. Abnormalities of number are the leading cause of pregnancy loss.
  • C. Down syndrome is a result of an abnormal chromosome structure.
  • D. Unbalanced translocation results in a mild abnormality that the child will outgrow.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aneuploidy is an abnormality of number that also is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation.

What is an example of a statement by the patient that indicates effective teaching by the nurse about methods to improve fertility?

  • A. “Caffeine does not affect my fertility.”
  • B. “I should start taking prenatal vitamins to increase my chances of conception.”
  • C. “My partner should avoid any exercise while we are trying to conceive to avoid damaging the sperm.”
  • D. “Smoking can increase my risk of miscarriage.”
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately reflects the nurse's teaching on fertility. Smoking is known to have negative effects on fertility and can increase the risk of miscarriage. This statement shows that the patient has understood the information provided by the nurse regarding factors that could impact fertility.

A is incorrect because caffeine can actually affect fertility. B is incorrect because while taking prenatal vitamins is beneficial, it does not directly address fertility improvement. C is incorrect as exercise is generally beneficial for fertility and does not necessarily harm sperm.

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