Nokea
The nurse is counseling a couple who just learned their 16-week fetus tested positive for a serious genetic disorder. Which action by the nurse is inappropriate upon learning that the couple plan to continue the pregnancy?
- A. Determine whether termination is still a consideration.
- B. Explain they will experience grief, which is normal.
- C. Provide additional information about the disorder.
- D. Refer them to a disorder-specific support group.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it respects the couple's decision-making autonomy. The nurse should support their choice to continue the pregnancy without suggesting termination. Providing information, emotional support, and connecting them with a support group are appropriate actions. It is crucial to respect the couple's decision and provide compassionate care regardless of their choice. The other choices are incorrect because they may undermine the couple's autonomy and may not be aligned with their wishes.
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What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation?
- A. prolactin
- B. progesterone
- C. luteinizing hormone
- D. follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: progesterone. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining pregnancy. Prolactin (A) is a hormone mainly involved in milk production. Luteinizing hormone (C) triggers ovulation and the release of the egg from the ovary. Follicle-stimulating hormone (D) is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles. The key is understanding the physiological processes post-ovulation and the role of progesterone in these processes.
The fetal heartbeat should be visible on ultrasound by the:
- A. Fourth week following the last menstrual period.
- B. Sixth week following the last menstrual period.
- C. Ninth week following the last menstrual period.
- D. Twelfth week following the last menstrual period.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fetal heartbeat is typically visible on ultrasound by the sixth week of gestation.
As relates to the structure and function of the placenta, the maternity nurse should be aware that:
- A. As the placenta widens, it gradually thins to allow easier passage of air and nutrients.
- B. As one of its early functions, the placenta acts as an endocrine gland.
- C. The placenta is able to keep out most potentially toxic substances such as cigarette smoke to which the mother is exposed.
- D. Optimal blood circulation is achieved through the placenta when the woman is lying on her back or standing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The placenta produces hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy.
What is the point after which an ovum is fertilized and becomes impenetrable to any other sperm?
- A. The zona reaction
- B. Gametogenesis
- C. The zona pellucida
- D. Cleavage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The zona reaction. After fertilization, the zona pellucida undergoes a biochemical change called the zona reaction, which makes the ovum impenetrable to any other sperm. This process prevents polyspermy and ensures that only one sperm can fertilize the egg. Gametogenesis refers to the production of gametes, not the post-fertilization event. The zona pellucida is the glycoprotein layer around the ovum, and cleavage is the rapid mitotic cell division that follows fertilization, but neither of these directly relate to the ovum becoming impenetrable to other sperm.
Conjoined twins are formed at which point of gestation?
- A. Immediately after fertilization
- B. At the time of implantation
- C. At about 13 to 15 days after conception
- D. In the blastocyst stage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conjoined twins are formed at about 13 to 15 days after conception when the embryonic disc undergoes incomplete splitting. At this stage, the cells have already differentiated into different layers, making separation challenging. Immediately after fertilization (choice A) is too early for conjoined twins to form. At the time of implantation (choice B) is when the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall, but conjoined twins are not formed at this point. In the blastocyst stage (choice D), the cells are still in the process of organizing and have not yet differentiated into distinct layers. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it aligns with the timing of conjoined twin formation during embryonic development.