Nokea
Fetal circulation includes 3 shunts. Match each shunt to its physiologic action. Ductus venosus
- A. Connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta, bypassing the lungs.
- B. Connects the right and left atria.
- C. Connects the right and left ventricles.
- D. Allows the umbilical vein to bypass the liver to flow into the inferior vena cava.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ductus venosus allows the umbilical vein to bypass the liver.
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Why do infants born at 25 weeks' gestation have a poor survival rate?
- A. Cardiac development is incomplete.
- B. Fetal lung alveoli are not present in sufficient numbers.
- C. Gastrointestinal development is incomplete.
- D. Sucking reflex is not present.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because infants born at 25 weeks' gestation have a poor survival rate due to insufficient numbers of fetal lung alveoli. This leads to respiratory distress and difficulty in oxygen exchange, impacting their chances of survival. Choice A is incorrect as cardiac development is not the primary factor affecting survival. Choice C is incorrect as gastrointestinal development does not directly impact survival at this stage. Choice D is incorrect as the sucking reflex is not a critical factor in survival compared to respiratory function.
The time period immediately following fertilization results in which circumstance?
- A. Formation of a zygote that contains the haploid number of chromosomes
- B. Formation of an embryo that contains the haploid number of chromosomes
- C. Formation of a zygote that contains the diploid number of chromosomes
- D. Formation of a 16-cell morula
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Formation of a zygote that contains the diploid number of chromosomes. After fertilization, the sperm and egg combine to form a zygote with a complete set of chromosomes (diploid). This is crucial for genetic diversity and proper development.
Choice A is incorrect because a zygote is diploid, not haploid. Choice B is incorrect as an embryo is formed later in development and contains diploid chromosomes. Choice D is incorrect because a morula is a stage where the zygote undergoes several rounds of cell division, but it does not yet contain a full diploid set of chromosomes.
Match each term with its description. Trophoblast
- A. None
- B. None
- C. Fertilized ovum.
- D. None
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trophoblast develops into the placenta.
A woman is 15 weeks pregnant with her first baby. She asks how long it will be before she feels the baby move. The best answer is:
- A. You should have felt the baby move by now.
- B. Within the next month, you should start to feel fluttering sensations.
- C. The baby is moving; however, you can't feel it yet.
- D. Some babies are quiet, and you don't feel them move.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maternal perception of fetal movement usually begins 16 to 20 weeks after conception.
A 27-year-old patient presents with injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. She was wearing her seatbelt and has multiple bruises and scrapes along her abdomen. She complains of pain 3/10 in her abdomen. She is G1P0 and is at 14 weeks’ gestation. A bedside ultrasound scan confirms that the fetus is stable and not in any distress. The patient is Rh negative, and her husband is Rh positive. What do you anticipate being the next step?
- A. Obtain a urinalysis.
- B. Administer Rh(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM).
- C. Confirm with the provider that she can be discharged home.
- D. Schedule a follow-up ultrasound.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer Rh(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM). In this scenario, the patient is Rh negative and her husband is Rh positive, which puts her at risk for Rh isoimmunization. Administration of Rh(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) helps prevent the mother's immune system from developing antibodies against the Rh-positive fetus's blood, thereby protecting future pregnancies. This intervention is crucial in preventing hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Choice A: Obtaining a urinalysis is not indicated in this case as the patient's main concern is her abdominal pain and pregnancy status, not related to her urinalysis.
Choice C: Discharging the patient without administering Rh(D) immune globulin would be inappropriate as it puts future pregnancies at risk of complications due to Rh incompatibility.
Choice D: Scheduling a follow-up ultrasound is not the immediate next step. Administering Rh(D) immune globulin is the priority to