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You are observing for fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations in a nonstress test (NST) for a woman who is 26 weeks pregnant. The average FHR baseline is 145 to 155 beats per minute (bpm). Within 20 minutes, the FHR accelerated to 165 bpm six times, for 10 to 15 seconds. How should you interpret this information?
- A. Results are nonreassuring, and another 20 minutes of monitoring is needed.
- B. Results are nonreassuring because of too few accelerations within the time period.
- C. Results are reassuring because the FHR accelerated by 10 bpm for 10 seconds.
- D. Results are reassuring because the fetus was inactive during the monitoring.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: FHR accelerations of at least 10 bpm for 10 seconds are considered reassuring.
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The measurement of lecithin in relation to sphingomyelin (L/S ratio) is used to determine fetal lung maturity. Which ratio reflects maturity of the lungs?
- A. 1.4:1
- B. 1.8:1
- C. 2:01
- D. 1:01
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A ratio of 2:1 indicates lung maturity.
After counseling with an obstetrician about infertility, a couple is advised to undergo testicular sperm aspiration. The nurse is aware that the procedure may be recommended for which infertility?
- A. Blocked fallopian tubes
- B. Unsuccessful vasectomy reversal
- C. Poor cervical mucus production
- D. Diminished sperm motility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Testicular sperm aspiration is a procedure to retrieve sperm directly from the testicles.
Step 2: If a vasectomy reversal was unsuccessful, it means there is no sperm in the ejaculate due to the blocked vas deferens.
Step 3: Testicular sperm aspiration can be recommended in such cases to retrieve sperm for assisted reproductive techniques.
Summary:
A: Blocked fallopian tubes do not involve male infertility; they affect female fertility.
C: Poor cervical mucus production is a female factor, not male.
D: Diminished sperm motility may require other treatments, not testicular sperm aspiration.
The nurse is counseling a couple who just learned their 16-week fetus tested positive for a serious genetic disorder. Which action by the nurse is inappropriate upon learning that the couple plan to continue the pregnancy?
- A. Determine whether termination is still a consideration.
- B. Explain they will experience grief, which is normal.
- C. Provide additional information about the disorder.
- D. Refer them to a disorder-specific support group.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it respects the couple's decision-making autonomy. The nurse should support their choice to continue the pregnancy without suggesting termination. Providing information, emotional support, and connecting them with a support group are appropriate actions. It is crucial to respect the couple's decision and provide compassionate care regardless of their choice. The other choices are incorrect because they may undermine the couple's autonomy and may not be aligned with their wishes.
What protects the blood vessels in a healthy umbilical cord?
- A. None
- B. Wharton's jelly.
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wharton's jelly provides structural support and protection.
The nurse is explaining the process of cell division during the preembryonic period to a group of nursing students. Which statement best describes the characteristics of the morula?
- A. Fertilized ovum before mitosis begins
- B. Double layer of cells that becomes the placenta
- C. Flattened, disk-shaped layer of cells within a fluid-filled sphere
- D. Solid ball composed of the first cells formed after fertilization
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a morula is a solid ball composed of the first cells formed after fertilization. During the preembryonic period, the zygote undergoes several rounds of cell division to form a morula, which is a compact cluster of cells. A: is incorrect as a fertilized ovum is a zygote, not a morula. B: is incorrect as the double layer of cells that becomes the placenta is the bilaminar germ disc, not the morula. C: is incorrect as a flattened, disk-shaped layer of cells within a fluid-filled sphere describes the blastocyst, not the morula. Thus, the characteristics of a morula being a solid ball composed of the first cells formed after fertilization make option D the correct choice.