Nokea
What initiates the shedding of the endometrial lining in a nonpregnant woman?
- A. None
- B. A drop in estrogen and progesterone.
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased levels of these hormones cause menstruation.
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The nurse is providing care to a pregnant person at 32 weeks’ gestation. The nurse expects to observe what change in the pregnant person’s spine?
- A. sclerosis
- B. scoliosis
- C. kyphosis
- D. lordosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: lordosis. At 32 weeks' gestation, the pregnant person's center of gravity shifts forward, causing an increased lumbar lordosis to compensate. This change helps maintain balance and support the growing uterus. Sclerosis (choice A) refers to hardening of tissues, not a typical change in the spine during pregnancy. Scoliosis (choice B) is a lateral curvature of the spine, not typically related to pregnancy. Kyphosis (choice C) is an exaggerated outward curve in the upper spine, not a common change in pregnancy.
A female patient is concerned about an inability to become pregnant after trying for 1 year. Which information collected during a health history causes the nurse the greatest amount of concern about possible infertility?
- A. The patient works as a ballroom dance instructor.
- B. The patient is turning 37 years old this year.
- C. The patient has hot flashes and mood swings.
- D. The patient was treated for a pelvic inflammatory disease while in college.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because hot flashes and mood swings can indicate hormonal imbalances, which are common causes of infertility. This symptom suggests potential issues with ovulation or other reproductive system functions. Choice A is irrelevant to infertility. Choice B, age alone does not indicate infertility. Choice D, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease can cause infertility, but symptoms indicating current hormonal imbalances are of more immediate concern.
The fetal heartbeat should be visible on ultrasound by the:
- A. Fourth week following the last menstrual period.
- B. Sixth week following the last menstrual period.
- C. Ninth week following the last menstrual period.
- D. Twelfth week following the last menstrual period.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fetal heartbeat is typically visible on ultrasound by the sixth week of gestation.
What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation?
- A. prolactin
- B. progesterone
- C. luteinizing hormone
- D. follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: progesterone. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining pregnancy. Prolactin (A) is a hormone mainly involved in milk production. Luteinizing hormone (C) triggers ovulation and the release of the egg from the ovary. Follicle-stimulating hormone (D) is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles. The key is understanding the physiological processes post-ovulation and the role of progesterone in these processes.
Conjoined twins are formed at which point of gestation?
- A. Immediately after fertilization
- B. At the time of implantation
- C. At about 13 to 15 days after conception
- D. In the blastocyst stage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conjoined twins are formed at about 13 to 15 days after conception when the embryonic disc undergoes incomplete splitting. At this stage, the cells have already differentiated into different layers, making separation challenging. Immediately after fertilization (choice A) is too early for conjoined twins to form. At the time of implantation (choice B) is when the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall, but conjoined twins are not formed at this point. In the blastocyst stage (choice D), the cells are still in the process of organizing and have not yet differentiated into distinct layers. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it aligns with the timing of conjoined twin formation during embryonic development.