Nokea
A woman missed her menstrual period 1 week ago and has come to the doctor’s office for a pregnancy test. Which placental hormone is measured in pregnancy tests?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Human chorionic gonadotropin
- D. Human placental lactogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Human chorionic gonadotropin is the basis for most pregnancy tests. It is detectable in maternal blood as soon as implantation occurs, usually 7 to 9 days after fertilization.
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What is the embryonic membrane that contains fingerlike projections on its surface, which attach to the uterine wall?
- A. Amnion
- B. Yolk sac
- C. Chorion
- D. Decidua basalis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The chorion is a thick membrane with fingerlike projections (villi) on its outermost surface.
A laboring person on oxytocin for induction of labor should have continuous monitoring of the fetal heart rate. How often should the nurse assess the fetal heart rate?
- A. every 30 minutes
- B. every 15 minutes
- C. every 5 minutes
- D. every 1 hour
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: every 15 minutes. Continuous monitoring of the fetal heart rate is crucial during labor induction with oxytocin to promptly detect any signs of fetal distress. Assessing the fetal heart rate every 15 minutes allows for frequent monitoring to ensure the baby's well-being and timely intervention if needed. Assessing every 30 minutes (choice A) may not provide adequate monitoring frequency, every 5 minutes (choice C) is too frequent and may not be practical, and every 1 hour (choice D) is too long of an interval between assessments, potentially missing important changes in fetal status.
A woman in labor begins to experience severe chest pain and difficulty breathing. What should the nurse suspect?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Pre-eclampsia
- C. Anxiety
- D. Placental abruption
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary embolism. In a woman in labor experiencing severe chest pain and difficulty breathing, a pulmonary embolism should be suspected. This condition occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs, causing chest pain and respiratory distress. Other choices are incorrect: B) Pre-eclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, not chest pain. C) Anxiety does not typically present with severe chest pain and difficulty breathing. D) Placental abruption involves separation of the placenta from the uterus, leading to vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, not chest pain.
A nurse is caring for a laboring person who is experiencing fetal tachycardia. What is the priority intervention?
- A. administer oxygen
- B. monitor fetal heart rate
- C. increase fluid intake
- D. increase oxygen flow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: administer oxygen. Fetal tachycardia indicates decreased oxygen supply to the fetus. Administering oxygen helps improve oxygenation to the fetus, addressing the root cause. Monitoring fetal heart rate (B) is important but not the priority over addressing the oxygen supply. Increasing fluid intake (C) does not directly address the fetal tachycardia. Increasing oxygen flow (D) is not necessary if the person is already receiving sufficient oxygen.
A patient with a history of hypertension is giving birth. During delivery, the staff was not able to stabilize the patient's blood pressure. As a result, the patient died shortly after delivery. This is an example of what type of death?
- A. Early maternal death
- B. Late maternal death
- C. Direct obstetric death
- D. Indirect obstetric death
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Indirect obstetric death. In this scenario, the patient's death was not directly caused by the obstetric event of giving birth, but rather by a pre-existing condition (hypertension) that was exacerbated during delivery. Indirect obstetric deaths are those caused by pre-existing conditions or external factors that are aggravated by the physiological effects of pregnancy. In contrast, early maternal death (choice A) occurs within 42 days of termination of pregnancy but is directly related to the pregnancy process. Late maternal death (choice B) occurs between 43 days and 1 year after termination of pregnancy. Direct obstetric deaths (choice C) are deaths resulting from obstetric complications during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum period.