Nokea
Which of the following conditions is suspected?
- A. Anemia
- B. Rheumatic arthritis
- C. Leukemia
- D. Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. The symptoms of leukemia can include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, frequent infections, fever, bruising or bleeding easily, and bone pain. Given the vague presenting symptoms and the potential involvement of multiple bodily systems, leukemia is a condition that should be suspected and investigated further. Anemia, rheumatic arthritis, and systematic lupus erythematosus can also present with some similar symptoms, but for the given scenario, leukemia is the most probable condition to suspect.
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What is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting?
- A. Iron
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting. When there is a cut or injury that causes bleeding, the body's clotting process is initiated to stop the bleeding. Calcium ions play a crucial role in several steps of the clotting cascade, helping to activate various clotting factors and promoting the formation of a stable blood clot. Without sufficient calcium, the blood would not be able to clot properly, leading to potential complications with excessive bleeding.
What is cellulitis often caused by?
- A. Herpes zoster
- B. Candida albicans
- C. Human papillomavirus
- D. Streptococcus or Staphylococcus organisms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cellulitis is a common skin infection that is often caused by bacteria, primarily Streptococcus or Staphylococcus organisms. These bacteria typically enter the skin through a crack or break, such as a cut, insect bite, or scratch. Once inside the skin, they can cause inflammation and infection, leading to symptoms such as redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is essential to clear the infection and prevent complications.
Which of the ff would help a client with an allergic skin reaction to reduce itching and maintain skin intact? Choose all that apply
- A. Humidifying the environment
- B. Avoiding a skin lubricant
- C. Bathing with a bar soap that contains lye
- D. Wearing cotton gloves, esp during sleep
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Wearing cotton gloves, especially during sleep, would help protect the skin from further irritation caused by scratching during the night. Cotton is a breathable fabric that is gentle on the skin and can help prevent further damage or itching. It also helps in maintaining the skin intact by creating a barrier between the skin and external irritants, thus reducing the chances of exacerbating the allergic reaction.
When is the best time for the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse to initiate an individualized stimulation program for the preterm newborn?
- A. As soon as possible after newborn is born
- B. As soon as parent is available to provide stimulation
- C. When newborn is over 38 weeks of gestation
- D. When developmental organization and stability are sufficient
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Initiating an individualized stimulation program for a preterm newborn in the NICU should be based on the readiness of the newborn. The optimal time to start such a program is when the newborn's developmental organization and stability are sufficient to handle the stimulation. Premature newborns often require a period of stabilization and development before they can effectively engage with stimulation activities. Initiating stimulation programs too early may overwhelm the newborn or hinder their progress. Therefore, waiting until the newborn is developmentally ready ensures that the stimulation program is appropriate and beneficial for their individual needs.
You are examining an infant with multiple cutaneous hemangiomas; you suspect involvement of internal organs. The MOST common site of visceral involvement by hemangiomas is
- A. brain
- B. heart
- C. lung
- D. liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Liver is the most common site of visceral involvement by hemangiomas.