Nokea
A young adult client complains of blurred vision and muscle spasms that come and go over the past several months. On what information from the client's history should the nurse focus to help identify this help problem?
- A. Family history of Parkinson disease
- B. Family history of epilepsy
- C. Is an immigrant from Germany
- D. Has been depressed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A family history of MS or related autoimmune conditions, as well as geographic factors (e.g., higher prevalence in northern latitudes), can provide clues to the diagnosis. Depression is common in MS but is not diagnostic.
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Millions of sensory receptors detect changes, called ________, which occur inside and outside the body.
- A. neuron
- B. skin
- C. motor
- D. stimuli
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sensory receptors detect changes, known as stimuli, which occur both inside and outside the body. These stimuli can include temperature, pressure, light, and chemical changes. Neurons are the cells that transmit these signals, while the skin is an organ that contains sensory receptors. Motor refers to the output of the nervous system, such as muscle movement. Stimuli is the correct answer as it refers to the changes detected by sensory receptors.
Regarding the optic pathways
- A. Combined inferior rectus and superior oblique gives lateral gaze
- B. Abducent paralysis makes eye turn down and out
- C. Superior rectus makes eye turn up and out
- D. Trochlear paralysis, eye cannot look downwards when turned out
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The trochlear nerve (IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses and abducts the eye. Paralysis of this nerve prevents downward gaze when the eye is turned inward.
The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the emergency room after a motor vehicle crash. Which assessment is most important for the nurse to complete?
- A. Babinski test
- B. Romberg test
- C. Glasgow Coma Scale
- D. Visual analogue scale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the most important assessment for evaluating the level of consciousness in a patient with a head injury. The Babinski and Romberg tests assess motor function and balance, while the visual analogue scale measures pain. The GCS provides critical information about the patient's neurological status.
One way of dealing with memory impairments is to train patients in ways to help store and retrieve items and events to be remembered. One such technique is the use of:
- A. Visual imagery mnemonics.
- B. Visual imagery catalogues.
- C. Visual imagery tagging.
- D. Visual compensation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Visual imagery mnemonics is a memory enhancement technique that involves creating vivid mental images to aid in the storage and retrieval of information. By associating new information with familiar visual cues, individuals can improve their ability to remember details and events. This technique is particularly useful for individuals with memory impairments, as it leverages the brain's natural ability to process and recall visual information more effectively than abstract concepts.
The dermatome supplying the great toe is usually
- A. L3
- B. L4
- C. L5
- D. S1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The L5 dermatome supplies the great toe and the dorsum of the foot. This is important in diagnosing lumbar nerve root compression.