Nokea
A young boy is recently diagnosed with a seizure disorder. Which of the following statements by the boy's mother indicates a need for further teaching by the nurse?
- A. "I should make sure he gets plenty of rest."?
- B. "I should get him a medical alert bracelet."?
- C. "I should lay him on his back during a seizure."?
- D. "I should loosen his clothing during a seizure."?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is "I should lay him on his back during a seizure."? This statement indicates a need for further teaching because a client having a seizure should be turned to the side to prevent aspiration of secretions. Choices A, B, and D are correct. Getting plenty of rest helps in managing seizures, having a medical alert bracelet informs others about the condition in case of emergency, and loosening clothing during a seizure ensures better air circulation and prevents injury. These actions demonstrate adequate understanding of the teaching provided.
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Which of the following statements by a client indicates adequate understanding of preparation for a lipoprotein fractionation test?
- A. "I cannot eat or drink after midnight."?
- B. "I cannot eat for 12 hours before the test."?
- C. "I need to limit my fluid intake."?
- D. "I need to ingest a lipid solution."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement regarding preparation for a lipoprotein fractionation test is that the client cannot eat for 12 hours before the test. It is important to note that the client can drink an unrestricted amount of water. Limiting fluid intake is not necessary for this test. There is no need for the client to ingest a lipid solution as part of the preparation. Therefore, the other choices are incorrect.
In an obstetrical emergency, which of the following actions should the nurse perform first after the baby delivers?
- A. Place extra padding under the mother to absorb blood from the delivery.
- B. Cut the umbilical cord using sterile scissors.
- C. Suction the baby's mouth and nose.
- D. Wrap the baby in a clean blanket to preserve warmth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In an obstetrical emergency, the immediate action the nurse should take after the baby delivers is to suction the baby's mouth and nose to ensure the infant can breathe properly. This helps clear any potential obstructions and establish a clear airway. Cutting the umbilical cord (Choice B) and wrapping the baby in a clean blanket (Choice D) are important steps but should come after ensuring the baby's airway is clear. Placing extra padding under the mother (Choice A) is not a priority in this emergency situation as the focus should be on the baby's immediate needs for breathing and airway clearance.
Following a recent tattoo, someone should be screened for:
- A. tuberculosis.
- B. herpes.
- C. hepatitis.
- D. syphilis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following a recent tattoo, someone should be screened for hepatitis. Tattooing puts a client at risk for blood-borne hepatitis B or C if strict sterile procedures are not followed. Tuberculosis is an airborne pathogen, while herpes and syphilis are spread through direct contact like sexual activity. Therefore, hepatitis is the most relevant infection to screen for after getting a tattoo.
Distribution of a drug to various tissues depends on the amount of cardiac output to each type of tissue. Which tissue would receive the highest amount of cardiac output and thus the highest amount of a drug?
- A. skin
- B. adipose tissue
- C. skeletal muscle
- D. myocardium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'myocardium.' Highly perfused tissues include vital organs like the brain, heart, kidneys, adrenal glands, and liver. The myocardium, being heart muscle, receives the highest amount of cardiac output and thus the highest amount of a drug. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the skin and adipose tissue are poorly perfused, while skeletal muscle is less perfused compared to vital organs like the myocardium.
Which of the following are antiviral drug classes used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS?
- A. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- B. Protease inhibitors
- C. HIV fusion inhibitors
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'All of the above.' Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase, protease inhibitors block the activity of the HIV-1 protease enzyme, and HIV fusion inhibitors prevent HIV from entering human cells. Therefore, all the choices provided are valid antiviral drug classes for managing HIV/AIDS. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and HIV fusion inhibitors play crucial roles in combating the virus at different stages. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors target an early stage, protease inhibitors act on a later stage, and HIV fusion inhibitors prevent viral entry. Thus, 'All of the above' is the correct and comprehensive answer encompassing different mechanisms of action in managing HIV/AIDS.