Nokea
Accepting null hypothesis when it is false is
- A. Type I error
- B. Type II error
- C. α error
- D. µ error
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted.
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Discuss the possible health effects that have been associated with exposure to electric and magnetic fields and ionizing radiation.
- A. EMF: unclear evidence; Ionizing: cancer risk.
- B. EMF: immediate death; Ionizing: no known risks.
- C. EMF: improved sleep; Ionizing: enhanced mood.
- D. EMF: faster metabolism; Ionizing: increased energy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evidence linking EMFs to health effects is inconclusive, while ionizing radiation is a well-established carcinogen.
Descriptive epidemiology is essential for 'characterizing the outbreak' by time, place, and person, but has little bearing on the analytic epidemiology.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Descriptive epidemiology informs the development of hypotheses tested in analytic studies.
What are key sources of morbidity data?
- A. Environmental monitoring data.
- B. Hospital discharge data.
- C. Laboratory results.
- D. Notifiable disease reports.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Notifiable disease reports provide critical data on specific diseases of public health importance.
Which one are two dimensional diagrams?
- A. Bar diagrams
- B. Cubes
- C. Circles
- D. None of them
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bar diagrams represent two-dimensional data.
The denominator to calculate literacy rate is
- A. Population above 14 years
- B. Total population
- C. Population above 7 years of age
- D. Population above 10 years of age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Literacy rate is calculated using the population above 7 years of age, as this is the standard age group considered for educational attainment.