Nokea
According to Erikson, when parents are over- or undercontrolling, the outcome is a child who __________.
- A. feels forced and shamed
- B. acts competently on his own
- C. asserts his independence
- D. feels self-confident
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: According to Erikson, when parents are over- or undercontrolling, the outcome is a child who feels forced and shamed. This is because overly controlling parents can make the child feel inadequate, leading to a sense of shame and doubt. Choice B, 'acts competently on his own,' is incorrect because overcontrolling parents hinder the child's ability to act independently. Choice C, 'asserts his independence,' is incorrect because overcontrolling parents can actually suppress the child's independence. Choice D, 'feels self-confident,' is incorrect because overcontrolling parenting can undermine the child's confidence and lead to feelings of inadequacy.
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Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.
- A. the first year
- B. the second year
- C. middle childhood
- D. adolescence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Brain growth is especially dramatic during the first year of life when the brain more than doubles in size. This period is characterized by rapid neural development and growth. The brain doesn't double in size during the second year, making choice B incorrect. Middle childhood and adolescence do not represent periods where the brain more than doubles in size, making choices C and D incorrect, respectively.
Depression __________.
- A. declines with age
- B. responds to treatment that is completely covered by Medicare
- C. is rarely related to physical illness or pain
- D. can lead to cognitive deterioration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'can lead to cognitive deterioration.' Depression, particularly in older adults, can significantly impair cognitive function, leading to further mental health challenges. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Depression does not necessarily decline with age, treatment coverage may vary, and depression can indeed be related to physical illness or pain.
According to Erikson, if the psychological conflict of adolescence is resolved negatively, a young person experiences __________.
- A. mistrust
- B. isolation
- C. inferiority
- D. role confusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that during adolescence, individuals face the conflict of identity vs. role confusion. If this conflict is resolved negatively, adolescents experience role confusion. Role confusion occurs when adolescents fail to develop a clear sense of identity, leading to uncertainty about their future roles. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they correspond to earlier stages of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development (mistrust corresponds to infancy, isolation to early adulthood, and inferiority to middle childhood), not adolescence.
Developmental science is __________ because it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields of study.
- A. interdisciplinary
- B. empirical
- C. applied
- D. theoretical
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct answer: Developmental science is interdisciplinary because it integrates knowledge from multiple fields like psychology, biology, and sociology. The term 'empirical' refers to information gained from observation or experimentation, which is not the focus of this question. 'Applied' and 'theoretical' do not capture the essence of developmental science requiring inputs from various disciplines.
The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy __________ in the body.
- A. T cells
- B. B cells
- C. telomeres
- D. antigens
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, antigens. Antigens are substances recognized by the immune system as foreign, triggering an immune response to neutralize or destroy them. In this context, T cells and B cells are specialized cells of the immune system that respond to antigens, but they are not the substances being neutralized or destroyed. Telomeres, on the other hand, are protective structures at the end of chromosomes and are not targeted for neutralization or destruction by the immune system.