Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet

Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet Related

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The concept of ________ means that because of their genetic makeup, individuals differ in their responsiveness to qualities of the environment.

  • A. gene-environment interaction
  • B. niche-picking
  • C. passive correlation
  • D. evocative correlation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, gene-environment interaction. This concept highlights that genetic factors play a role in how individuals react to environmental factors. Niche-picking (choice B) refers to the tendency of individuals to select environments that complement their genetic predispositions, not the inherent genetic differences in responsiveness. Passive correlation (choice C) involves the association between the genetic makeup of parents and the environment they provide for their children, not individual differences in responsiveness. Evocative correlation (choice D) relates to the idea that an individual's genetic traits can elicit certain responses from others in the environment, rather than individual differences in responsiveness.

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Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

  • A. self-control
  • B. give-and-take
  • C. emotional self-regulation
  • D. social referencing
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'social referencing.' Social referencing is a behavior where infants seek emotional information from a trusted person, usually a caregiver, to determine how to respond in uncertain situations. This process helps infants regulate their emotions and behaviors based on the cues they receive from the trusted individual. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because self-control, give-and-take, and emotional self-regulation do not specifically involve seeking emotional information from others in uncertain situations, as social referencing does.

The information-processing perspective __________.

  • A. examines separate aspects of thinking
  • B. fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development
  • C. applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling
  • D. focuses on overall cognitive change
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The information-processing perspective focuses on how individuals process, store, and retrieve information. Choice A, 'examines separate aspects of thinking,' accurately reflects this perspective. The other choices are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the information-processing perspective does consider biological influences on cognitive development. Choice C is incorrect as this perspective is not limited to children in cultures with formal schooling. Choice D is incorrect as the information-processing perspective does not focus on overall cognitive change, but rather on the specific processes involved in information processing.

Erikson believed that successful resolution of intimacy versus isolation prepares the individual for the middle adulthood stage, which focuses on __________.

  • A. initiative
  • B. autonomy
  • C. generativity
  • D. industry
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Erikson's theory of psychosocial development highlights generativity as the central focus of middle adulthood. Generativity involves being productive, caring for others, and contributing to society. This stage is characterized by a desire to leave a lasting impact on future generations. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Initiative is associated with the preschool years, autonomy with early childhood, and industry with middle childhood according to Erikson's stages of development.

Heaven was born several weeks before her due date. Although she was small, her birth weight was appropriate, based on time spent in the uterus. Heaven is a __________ infant.

  • A. small-for-date
  • B. small-for-weight
  • C. mature
  • D. preterm
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Heaven is a preterm infant because she was born early, but her weight is appropriate for the time she spent in the womb. Choice A, 'small-for-date,' is incorrect as it does not specifically indicate that the infant was born before the due date. Choice B, 'small-for-weight,' is incorrect because the infant's weight is appropriate for the gestational age. Choice C, 'mature,' is incorrect as it does not reflect the early birth of the infant.

__________ children are at risk for poor school performance, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior in adolescence and criminality in adulthood.

  • A. Average
  • B. Controversial
  • C. Rejected
  • D. Popular
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rejected children often face social difficulties that lead to negative outcomes later in life, including academic and behavioral problems. The term 'rejected' specifically refers to children who are socially excluded or shunned by their peers, leading to the mentioned negative consequences. 'Average,' 'Controversial,' and 'Popular' do not convey the same meaning and are not related to the risks mentioned in the question.

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