Nokea
According to Johnson and Chang (2014), compared to the non-indigenous population, the Australian indigenous population is more likely to:
- A. Live in the bush, eat native food and have increased exposure to the elements
- B. Have a higher incidence of chronic disease, be less healthy, die at a much younger age, and have lower quality of life
- C. Access health care and implement appropriate lifestyle changes equitably
- D. Experience death at a rate of twice that of the non-indigenous population
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Indigenous Australians face a heavier chronic disease load diabetes, heart issues dying younger, with life expectancy gaps of 10+ years, and poorer quality of life from systemic inequities. Bush living's a stereotype, not a health driver; equitable care's a myth access lags; death rate's high but not precisely double. Nurses see this burden, tackling social determinants, a stark chronic care reality rooted in data, not just location or access claims.
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A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with polycythemia vera. Which of the following should the nurse include in the client and family education?
- A. Resume normal activity
- B. Wear support hose while awake
- C. Decrease fluid intake to no more than 1 liter per day
- D. Diet high in vitamin K intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polycythemia vera thickens blood, slowing venous return support hose boost circulation, cutting clot risk, a practical teaching point for clients and families. Normal activity's fine but misses prevention. Less fluid thickens blood further, dangerous here; high vitamin K aids clotting, counterproductive. Nurses push hose use, easing symptoms like swelling, a key strategy in managing this hyperviscous state.
External-beam radiation is planned for a patient with cervical cancer. What instructions should the nurse give to the patient to prevent complications from the effects of the radiation?
- A. Test all stools for the presence of blood.
- B. Maintain a high-residue, high-fiber diet.
- C. Clean the perianal area carefully after every bowel movement.
- D. Inspect the mouth and throat daily for the appearance of thrush.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cervical radiation hits the pelvis diarrhea's a beast from bowel irritation. Gentle perianal cleaning stops skin breakdown and infection, a must-do. Stool blood happens but isn't routine to test diarrhea's expected. High-fiber worsens it low-residue's better. Thrush is oral, not pelvic radiation's turf. Nurses in oncology push this hygiene tip, keeping skin intact amid radiation's gut chaos.
In order to provide optimal management and prevent deterioration, the patient needs to be educated in selfmanagement of their condition. Which of the following are not elements of self-management?
- A. Engaging in activities that promote health
- B. Managing COPD by monitoring signs and symptoms
- C. Weekly visits with the medical practitioner
- D. Following a treatment plan
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: COPD self-care health habits, symptom checks, plan adherence empowers patients. Weekly doc visits? Overkill, not core self-management cuts reliance. Nurses teach this, a chronic autonomy boost.
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with end-stage kidney disease; pH 7.26; PaCO2 37 mm Hg; PaO2 94 mm Hg and HCO3 15 mEq/L. What do these values indicate?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Respiratory acidosis
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: End-stage kidney disease hampers acid excretion pH 7.26 (below 7.35) and HCO3 15 mEq/L (below 22) confirm metabolic acidosis, as kidneys fail to buffer, dropping bicarbonate. PaCO2 37 mm Hg (normal) rules out respiratory issues lungs aren't compensating yet. PaO2 94 mm Hg shows oxygenation's fine. Alkalosis options contradict low pH; respiratory acidosis needs high CO2. Nurses recognize this acid-base shift, anticipating bicarbonate or dialysis, a key intervention in renal failure's metabolic chaos.
Changes in blood lipids often occur in people who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Question: Which of the following abnormalities is most consistent with metabolic syndrome?
- A. Increased triglyceride with decreased LDL cholesterol
- B. Increased triglyceride with increased LDL cholesterol
- C. Increased triglyceride with decreased HDL cholesterol
- D. Decreased triglyceride with increased HDL cholesterol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome's lipid mark triglycerides up, HDL down fits the frame, not LDL swings or triglyceride drops. Nurses clock this, a chronic fat flag.