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According to Maslow's theory, which level of needs must be met first?
- A. Self-actualization needs
- B. Esteem needs
- C. Safety needs
- D. Physiological needs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Physiological needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and sleep must be met first as they are the most basic and essential for survival. Without satisfying physiological needs, an individual cannot move on to fulfilling higher-level needs. Esteem needs, self-actualization needs, and safety needs come after physiological needs are met. It is crucial to prioritize physiological needs before addressing other levels of needs to ensure overall well-being and self-actualization.
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1. To monitor for complications in a patient with type 2 diabetes, which tests will the nurse in the diabetic clinic schedule at least annually (select one that doesn't apply)?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Serum creatinine
- C. Chest x-ray
- D. Urine for microalbuminuria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for correct answer (C):
1. Chest x-ray is not routinely recommended for monitoring complications of type 2 diabetes.
2. Annual blood pressure monitoring is crucial for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
3. Serum creatinine test helps evaluate kidney function, which is often impaired in diabetes.
4. Urine microalbuminuria test detects early signs of kidney damage, common in diabetes.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: Blood pressure monitoring is essential for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetes.
B: Serum creatinine test is important for evaluating kidney function in diabetic patients.
D: Urine microalbuminuria test helps detect early kidney damage in diabetes.
A 32-year-old patient with diabetes is starting on intensive insulin therapy. Which type of insulin will the nurse discuss using for mealtime coverage?
- A. Lispro (Humalog)
- B. Glargine (Lantus)
- C. Detemir (Levemir)
- D. NPH (Humulin N)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lispro (Humalog). Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that is ideal for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy because it mimics the body's natural insulin response after a meal, providing quick and effective blood sugar control. Lispro has a rapid onset of action, peaks quickly, and has a shorter duration of action compared to other types of insulin. This makes it suitable for covering the rise in blood sugar levels that occurs after meals.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
C: Detemir (Levemir) is an intermediate-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
D: NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin with a slower onset and longer duration of action, making it less suitable for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy.
A nurse manager needs to resolve a conflict between the staff nurses and the physical therapy department. What type of power might the manager utilize? (EXCEPT)
- A. Connection and referent power
- B. Reward and punishment power
- C. Legitimate power
- D. Information power
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Legitimate power. In this scenario, the nurse manager can utilize legitimate power, which comes from their position of authority within the organization. They can use their formal authority to resolve the conflict between the staff nurses and the physical therapy department by making decisions and enforcing policies.
A: Connection and referent power are based on relationships and personal connections, which may not be as effective in this situation where formal authority is needed.
B: Reward and punishment power may not be the most appropriate in resolving conflicts as it can lead to resentment and may not address the underlying issues.
D: Information power is about having access to valuable information, which may be helpful but may not be the most effective in resolving conflicts that require formal authority.
A manager is prioritizing the following issues. Of the following issues, which should be considered urgent and important?
- A. The manager of physical therapy calls and complains about inappropriate behaviors of one of the staff nurses with one of his therapists.
- B. A staff nurse reports a pattern of malfunctioning IV pumps on the unit during her current shift, resulting in overdosing of medications.
- C. One of the staff nurses, who would have been an extra nurse for the next shift, calls in sick.
- D. A small group of staff nurses request a meeting to discuss initiating a scheduling committee.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it involves patient safety. Malfunctioning IV pumps leading to medication overdosing can result in serious harm to patients. This issue requires immediate attention to prevent any further harm.
A: Inappropriate behaviors, while concerning, do not pose an immediate threat to patient safety.
C: A nurse calling in sick, though inconvenient, can be managed through staffing adjustments and contingency plans.
D: Scheduling committee discussions are important but can be scheduled at a later time without immediate harm to patients.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention activity?
- A. Blood pressure screening
- B. Administering medications
- C. Developing a care plan
- D. Providing rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases early to prevent complications.
2. Blood pressure screening helps identify individuals at risk for hypertension-related issues.
3. Early detection through screening allows for timely interventions to prevent further health problems.
4. Administering medications, developing a care plan, and providing rehabilitation are tertiary prevention activities focused on managing existing conditions rather than early detection.
Summary:
Blood pressure screening is the correct example of a secondary prevention activity as it focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of health issues. Administering medications, developing a care plan, and providing rehabilitation are not considered secondary prevention activities as they are more related to managing existing conditions.