Nokea
According to the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study of dietary intake, the group at highest risk for inadequate calcium intake was:
- A. The elderly (over age 60 years)
- B. Teenage females
- C. Teenage males
- D. Preschoolers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teenage females are at high risk for inadequate calcium intake due to dietary habits and growth demands.
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Which one of the following statements is NOT true of warfarin?
- A. It is extensively 99% bound to plasma albumin
- B. Its use in pregnant women is contraindicated because it is teratogenic
- C. It is active in vitro
- D. Its induced bleeding can be conteracted by treatment with phytonadione
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warfarin acts in vivo by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, not in vitro; thus, is false.
The client has begun medication therapy with pancrelipase (Pancrease MT). The nurse evaluates that the medication is having the optimal intended benefit if which effect is observed?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Relief of heartburn
- C. Reduction of steatorrhea
- D. Absence of abdominal pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pancrelipase (Pancrease MT) is a pancreatic enzyme used in clients with pancreatitis as a digestive aid. The medication should reduce the amount of fatty stools (steatorrhea). Another intended effect could be improved nutritional status. It is not used to treat abdominal pain or heartburn. Its use could result in weight gain but should not result in weight loss if it is aiding in digestion.
A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse inform the patient?
- A. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.
- B. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- C. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- D. There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh potential risks.
You are assigned to infuse 300 mL of a solution over 2 hours with a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 25 gtt/min
- B. 37.5 gtt/min
- C. 45 gtt/min
- D. 75 gtt/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flow rate = (300 mL 15 gtt/mL) ÷ (2 60) = 4,500 ÷ 120 = 37.5 gtt/min, exactly matching option B.
The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System is:
- A. A mandatory reporting system for all health-care providers when they encounter an adverse vaccine event
- B. A voluntary reporting system that health-care providers or consumers may use to report vaccine adverse events
- C. Utilized to send out safety alerts regarding emerging vaccine safety issues
- D. Activated when a vaccine has been proven to cause significant adverse effects
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: VAERS is a voluntary system for reporting vaccine ADRs by providers or consumers, not mandatory or alert-only .