HESI A2 Physics Quizlet

HESI A2 Physics Quizlet Related

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According to the Clausius inequality, for a cyclic process involving heat transfer between a system and its surroundings at a single constant temperature (T), the following inequality must hold true:

  • A. There is no relationship between heat transfer and temperature in a cyclic process.
  • B. ∫ dQ/T ≥ 0
  • C. ∫ Q/T = constant
  • D. ∫ dQ/T ≤ 0
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Clausius inequality states that for a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a single constant temperature, the integral of heat transfer divided by temperature (∫ dQ/T) must be less than or equal to zero. This inequality reflects the irreversibility of natural processes. Choice A is incorrect as there is a direct relationship between heat transfer and temperature in the Clausius inequality. Choice B is incorrect because the integral of dQ/T must be less than or equal to zero, not greater than or equal to zero. Choice C is incorrect because the integral of Q/T is not a constant in a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a single constant temperature.

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When light travels from air into a denser medium like glass, its speed:

  • A. Increases
  • B. Decreases
  • C. Remains constant
  • D. Becomes unpredictable
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When light travels from air into a denser medium like glass, its speed decreases. This is because the higher refractive index of the denser medium causes light to slow down as it propagates through the medium. Choice A is incorrect because the speed of light decreases in a denser medium. Choice C is incorrect because the speed of light changes when it enters a denser medium. Choice D is incorrect because the change in speed is predictable based on the refractive index of the medium.

Power (P) represents the rate of work done. Which formula accurately depicts power?

  • A. P = W / F
  • B. P = d / t
  • C. P = W x t
  • D. P = F / t
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Power (P) is defined as the rate of work done over time. The correct formula for power is P = W/t, where W is the work done, and t is the time taken. Therefore, option D, P = F / t, correctly represents power as work divided by time. Option A, P = W / F, is incorrect as it represents work divided by force, not power. Option B, P = d / t, is incorrect as it represents distance divided by time, not power. Option C, P = W x t, is incorrect as it represents work multiplied by time, not power. It's important to understand the distinction between work, power, force, time, and other related concepts to solve physics problems accurately.

As a car is traveling on the highway, its speed drops from 60 mph to 30 mph. What happens to its kinetic energy?

  • A. Its energy is halved.
  • B. Its energy is doubled.
  • C. Its energy is quadrupled.
  • D. Its energy is divided by four.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the velocity. When the speed drops from 60 mph to 30 mph, the kinetic energy is halved. Choice B is incorrect because halving the speed results in halving the kinetic energy, not doubling it. Choice C is incorrect because quadrupling the kinetic energy would require increasing the speed fourfold, not halving it. Choice D is incorrect because dividing the energy by four would imply a different relationship between speed and kinetic energy, which is not the case.

A common example of a shear-thinning (non-Newtonian) fluid is:

  • A. Water
  • B. Ketchup
  • C. Air
  • D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ketchup. Shear-thinning fluids become less viscous under stress. Ketchup is an example of a shear-thinning fluid because its viscosity decreases when it is shaken or squeezed, allowing it to flow more easily.

Choice A, Water, is a Newtonian fluid with a constant viscosity regardless of stress. Choice C, Air, is also a Newtonian fluid. Choice D, Alcohol, does not exhibit shear-thinning behavior; it typically has a constant viscosity as well.

The first law of thermodynamics is a principle of energy conservation. It states that:

  • A. Energy can be created or destroyed.
  • B. The total entropy of an isolated system always decreases.
  • C. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
  • D. The temperature of a system is directly proportional to its entropy.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another, ensuring energy conservation in any system. Choice A is incorrect because it goes against the principle of energy conservation. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases. Choice D is incorrect because the temperature of a system is not directly proportional to its entropy.

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