Nokea
Acid rain due to
- A. SO2
- B. H2SO4
- C. HCL
- D. b. and c
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acid rain forms primarily from sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides reacting with water vapor.
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Identify the type of study design described: Questionnaires were mailed to every 10th person listed in the city telephone directory. Each person was asked to provide his or her age, sex, and smoking habits and to describe the presence of any respiratory symptoms during the preceding 7 days.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Cross-sectional study
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This survey-based approach is characteristic of a cross-sectional study.
Describe the overall trends reflected in the chart.
- A. Cyclical increases followed by declines
- B. Steady increase over time
- C. Steady decline over time
- D. Random fluctuations with no pattern
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pertussis exhibits cyclical patterns due to waning immunity and vaccination coverage.
Which shape of a population pyramid is most consistent with a young population?
- A. Tall, narrow rectangle
- B. Short, wide rectangle
- C. Triangle base down
- D. Triangle base up
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A triangle base down reflects a high proportion of young individuals.
Community based participatory researches (CBPR) use
- A. Emic perspective
- B. Etic perspective
- C. Technical perspective
- D. Both b and c
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CBPR often employs both etic and technical perspectives to ensure comprehensive understanding and applicability.
Common methods of identifying additional cases (expanding surveillance) as part of an outbreak investigation include:
- A. Advising the public through newspapers, TV, radio, and the health department's website to contact the local health department
- B. Asking case-patients who they were with at the time of exposure (if known)
- C. Sending a fax to healthcare providers
- D. Telephoning the infection control practitioners at local hospitals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Public advisories help identify potential cases and expand surveillance effectively.