Nokea
Actual exchange of gases in the lungs occurs in the
- A. bronchi.
- B. alveoli.
- C. bronchioles.
- D. tracheas.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through diffusion. This process is crucial for oxygenating the blood and removing carbon dioxide. Bronchi (A), bronchioles (C), and trachea (D) are all parts of the respiratory system, but they do not participate directly in gas exchange. Bronchi are the main airways that branch off from the trachea, bronchioles are smaller airways that lead to the alveoli, and the trachea is the main airway that carries air to and from the lungs.
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The nurse is caring for a client who is one hour post cardiac catheterization. What task should the nurse delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN)?
- A. Teach the patient about the post procedure plan of care.
- B. Perform the initial assessment of the catheter insertion site.
- C. Give the scheduled lipid-lowering medication.
- D. Titrate the diltiazem infusion according to the agency protocol.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give the scheduled lipid-lowering medication. LPN/VNs can administer medications, including lipid-lowering drugs, under the supervision of a registered nurse. Teaching (choice A) requires a higher level of critical thinking and education, which is typically done by an RN. Performing an initial assessment (choice B) requires advanced assessment skills that an LPN/VN may not have. Titration of medications (choice D) involves adjusting dosages based on specific parameters, which is beyond the scope of practice for an LPN/VN.
Phrenic nerve are
- A. in diaphragmatic area
- B. at c3 to c5
- C. Both A and B
- D. non
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm and arises from cervical nerve roots C3 to C5. Choice C is correct as it accurately states that the phrenic nerve is located in the diaphragmatic area and originates from C3 to C5. Choice A is incorrect as it only mentions the diaphragmatic area without specifying the cervical levels. Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions the cervical levels without specifying the diaphragmatic area. Choice D is incorrect as the phrenic nerve does exist.
Which of these assessments made by the nurse indicates that respiratory arrest is imminent in an asthmatic?
- A. Agitation.
- B. Tachycardia.
- C. Absence of wheezing.
- D. Flaring nares.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absence of wheezing. In asthmatics, wheezing is a common sign of airway obstruction. The absence of wheezing indicates a severe obstruction leading to reduced airflow, which can progress to respiratory arrest. Agitation (A) and tachycardia (B) are common signs of distress but do not specifically indicate imminent respiratory arrest. Flaring nares (D) may suggest increased work of breathing, but it is not as specific as the absence of wheezing in predicting imminent respiratory arrest in asthmatics.
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess heart function in heart failure?
- A. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- C. Colonoscopy
- D. Blood glucose test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG is commonly used to assess heart function in heart failure because it provides information on the heart's electrical activity, rhythm, and any abnormalities. It can detect conditions such as arrhythmias, ischemia, and previous heart attacks. Other choices are incorrect: B (MRI) is more for imaging the structure of the heart, C (Colonoscopy) is for examining the colon, and D (Blood glucose test) is for measuring blood sugar levels, not heart function.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just returned to the unit after a colon resection. The patient is showing signs of hypoxia. The nurse knows that this is probably caused by what?
- A. Nitrogen narcosis
- B. Infection
- C. Impaired diffusion
- D. Shunting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Shunting. Hypoxia after a colon resection is likely due to shunting, which is a condition where blood bypasses the normal oxygenation process in the lungs, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Shunting can occur due to factors such as collapsed alveoli or blood vessel blockages.
Nitrogen narcosis (A) is not related to hypoxia but rather occurs in scuba divers exposed to high partial pressures of nitrogen. Infection (B) may cause fever and inflammation but is not the primary cause of hypoxia in this scenario. Impaired diffusion (C) refers to issues with gas exchange in the alveoli and is not the most likely cause of hypoxia after a colon resection.