Nokea
Residual volume in lungs of an average human is
- A. 500 ml
- B. 3-4.5 ml
- C. 1000 ml
- D. 1500 ml
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (1500 ml) because residual volume refers to the amount of air left in the lungs after maximal exhalation, which is around 1200-1500 ml in an average human. This volume is necessary to keep the alveoli inflated and prevent lung collapse. Choices A (500 ml), B (3-4.5 ml), and C (1000 ml) are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the typical residual volume in the lungs of an average human. Choice A is too low, choices B and C are significantly below the actual range of residual volume.
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Which of the following is a sign or symptom of asthma?
- A. Production of abnormally thick
- B. sticky mucus in lungs
- C. Faulty transport of sodium in lung cells
- D. Paroxysms or shortness of breath
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Paroxysms of shortness of breath are classic symptoms of asthma. A (thick mucus) is associated with cystic fibrosis. B (faulty sodium transport) relates to cystic fibrosis. D (altered electrolytes) is unrelated to asthma.
If PO2 increases
- A. saturation goes up and hemoglobin stores oxygen
- B. hemoglobin stores oxygen
- C. hemoglobin gives away oxygen
- D. saturation goes up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Increased PO2 leads to higher oxygen levels in blood.
Step 2: Higher PO2 causes hemoglobin to become fully saturated with oxygen.
Step 3: Fully saturated hemoglobin stores more oxygen.
Step 4: Therefore, as PO2 increases, saturation goes up and hemoglobin stores more oxygen. Other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the relationship between PO2, hemoglobin saturation, and oxygen storage in the blood.
A client has experienced pulmonary embolism. A nurse assesses for which symptom, which is most commonly reported?
- A. Hot, flushed feeling.
- B. Sudden chills and fever.
- C. Chest pain that occurs suddenly.
- D. Nausea and vomiting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chest pain that occurs suddenly. Pulmonary embolism typically presents with sudden chest pain due to a blockage in the pulmonary arteries. This is a result of a blood clot traveling to the lungs, causing a sharp and stabbing pain. The other options are not typically associated with pulmonary embolism. A hot, flushed feeling (A) is more indicative of a fever or infection, sudden chills and fever (B) may occur in sepsis or the flu, and nausea and vomiting (D) are more commonly seen in gastrointestinal issues.
A client with bronchitis is admitted to the hospital. What would the nurse expect the admitting assessment NOT to reveal?
- A. Cough
- B. Bloody sputum
- C. Chest pain
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bradycardia. In bronchitis, the body typically responds to inflammation by increasing heart rate (tachycardia) to improve oxygen delivery. Bradycardia is not a common finding in bronchitis and would be unexpected. Choices A, B, and C are commonly associated with bronchitis due to the inflammation in the airways causing cough, production of bloody sputum, and chest pain. These symptoms are typical manifestations of bronchitis and would be expected in the admitting assessment.
Which action should you take next?
- A. Reassure the client that the ventilator will do the work of breathing for her.
- B. Manually ventilate the client while you assess possible reasons for the high pressure alarm.
- C. Increase the FiO2 on the ventilator to 100% in preparation for endotracheal suctioning.
- D. Insert an oral airway to prevent the client from biting on the endotracheal tube.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. High pressure alarms and desaturation require immediate manual ventilation and assessment for causes. Reassurance (A) is insufficient. Increasing FiO2 (C) and inserting an oral airway (D) are secondary actions.