Nokea
In which part of the body Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects
- A. Lungs
- B. Skin and Meninges
- C. Intestine
- D. All these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, causing tuberculosis. However, it can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the skin, leading to cutaneous tuberculosis, and the meninges, causing tuberculous meningitis. It can also affect the intestines, causing gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as Mycobacterium tuberculosis can impact multiple parts of the body. Choice A (Lungs) is correct but does not encompass all the affected areas. Choices B (Skin and Meninges) and C (Intestine) are incorrect as they do not cover all the possible sites of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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The nurse is caring for a client who is one hour post cardiac catheterization. What task should the nurse delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN)?
- A. Teach the patient about the post procedure plan of care.
- B. Perform the initial assessment of the catheter insertion site.
- C. Give the scheduled lipid-lowering medication.
- D. Titrate the diltiazem infusion according to the agency protocol.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give the scheduled lipid-lowering medication. LPN/VNs can administer medications, including lipid-lowering drugs, under the supervision of a registered nurse. Teaching (choice A) requires a higher level of critical thinking and education, which is typically done by an RN. Performing an initial assessment (choice B) requires advanced assessment skills that an LPN/VN may not have. Titration of medications (choice D) involves adjusting dosages based on specific parameters, which is beyond the scope of practice for an LPN/VN.
Which of these assessments made by the nurse indicates that respiratory arrest is imminent in an asthmatic?
- A. Agitation.
- B. Tachycardia.
- C. Absence of wheezing.
- D. Flaring nares.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absence of wheezing. In asthmatics, wheezing is a common sign of airway obstruction. The absence of wheezing indicates a severe obstruction leading to reduced airflow, which can progress to respiratory arrest. Agitation (A) and tachycardia (B) are common signs of distress but do not specifically indicate imminent respiratory arrest. Flaring nares (D) may suggest increased work of breathing, but it is not as specific as the absence of wheezing in predicting imminent respiratory arrest in asthmatics.
When examining the posterior pharynx and tonsils, which of the following objective data does the nurse note?
- A. Difficulty in sneezing
- B. Suppressed gag reflex
- C. Deformities
- D. Inflammation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Inflammation is a key finding during examination of the posterior pharynx and tonsils, especially in infections such as tonsillitis. A (difficulty in sneezing) is unrelated to pharyngeal assessment. B (suppressed gag reflex) might indicate neurological issues but isn't typically noted during routine exams. C (deformities) is rare unless there's structural abnormality.
Diaphragm present in mammals is
- A. Membrane between external and middle ear
- B. Membrane around the brain
- C. Partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
- D. Membrane around lungs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The diaphragm in mammals is a muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. This is essential for breathing as it contracts and relaxes to facilitate the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
Choice A is incorrect because the membrane between the external and middle ear is called the eardrum or tympanic membrane. Choice B is incorrect as the membrane around the brain is the meninges. Choice D is incorrect as the membrane around the lungs is the pleura.
A nurse working in a geriatric clinic sees clients with "cold" symptoms and rhinitis. The primary health care provider (PHCP) often leaves a prescription for diphenhydramine. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Teach the client about possible drowsiness.
- B. Instruct the client to drink plenty of water.
- C. Consult with the PHCP about the medication.
- D. Encourage the client to take the medication with food.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Consult with the PHCP about the medication. This is the best action because diphenhydramine may not be the most appropriate medication for older adults due to potential side effects like increased risk of falls, confusion, and urinary retention. Consulting with the PHCP will ensure that the medication is safe and effective for the client.
A: Teaching about drowsiness is important but not the priority.
B: Drinking water is generally good advice but not specific to diphenhydramine.
D: Taking medication with food can help reduce stomach upset but doesn't address the concerns related to diphenhydramine in older adults.