Nokea
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess heart function in heart failure?
- A. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- C. Colonoscopy
- D. Blood glucose test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG is commonly used to assess heart function in heart failure because it provides information on the heart's electrical activity, rhythm, and any abnormalities. It can detect conditions such as arrhythmias, ischemia, and previous heart attacks. Other choices are incorrect: B (MRI) is more for imaging the structure of the heart, C (Colonoscopy) is for examining the colon, and D (Blood glucose test) is for measuring blood sugar levels, not heart function.
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Actual exchange of gases in the lungs occurs in the
- A. bronchi.
- B. alveoli.
- C. bronchioles.
- D. tracheas.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through diffusion. This process is crucial for oxygenating the blood and removing carbon dioxide. Bronchi (A), bronchioles (C), and trachea (D) are all parts of the respiratory system, but they do not participate directly in gas exchange. Bronchi are the main airways that branch off from the trachea, bronchioles are smaller airways that lead to the alveoli, and the trachea is the main airway that carries air to and from the lungs.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of asthma?
- A. Production of abnormally thick
- B. sticky mucus in lungs
- C. Faulty transport of sodium in lung cells
- D. Paroxysms or shortness of breath
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Paroxysms of shortness of breath are classic symptoms of asthma. A (thick mucus) is associated with cystic fibrosis. B (faulty sodium transport) relates to cystic fibrosis. D (altered electrolytes) is unrelated to asthma.
The home health nurse is educating a 60-year-old patient with emphysema with a nutritional deficit. Which instructions should the nurse avoid including in the teaching plan to address this problem?
- A. Rest before eating.
- B. Avoiding gas-producing foods.
- C. Eat four to six small meals instead of three large meals.
- D. Lie down after eating.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because lying down after eating can increase the risk of acid reflux and heartburn in patients with emphysema.
A: Rest before eating is important as it can reduce shortness of breath during meals.
B: Avoiding gas-producing foods can help prevent bloating and discomfort.
C: Eating four to six small meals instead of three large meals is beneficial for easier digestion and energy management.
In summary, D is incorrect because it can worsen symptoms, while A, B, and C are all helpful strategies for managing nutritional deficits in patients with emphysema.
Miriam, a college student with acute rhinitis sees the campus nurse because of excessive nasal drainage. The nurse asks the patient about the color of the drainage. In acute rhinitis, nasal drainage normally is:
- A. Yellow
- B. Green
- C. Clear
- D. Gray
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clear. In acute rhinitis, the nasal drainage is typically clear because it is caused by viral infections or allergies, which result in clear mucus production. Yellow or green drainage may indicate a bacterial infection, which is not typically associated with acute rhinitis. Gray drainage is uncommon in nasal discharge and may suggest a more serious underlying condition. Therefore, the nurse asked about the color of the drainage to assess the nature of the infection and determine the appropriate course of treatment.
Hemoglobin
- A. tends to release oxygen under warmer temperatures
- B. picks up more oxygen the higher its partial pressure.
- C. picks up more oxygen when it is saturated
- D. will give up oxygen when the partial pressure of oxygen is higher than it is in the lungs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hemoglobin follows the principle of partial pressure, which states that gases move from areas of higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure. Therefore, hemoglobin will pick up more oxygen when the partial pressure of oxygen is higher, such as in the lungs. Choice A is incorrect because hemoglobin actually releases oxygen at higher temperatures. Choice C is incorrect because hemoglobin picks up oxygen when it is not fully saturated. Choice D is incorrect because hemoglobin releases oxygen when the partial pressure of oxygen is higher, not when it is lower.